751.13 Expansion Joint Systems

751.13.1 Expansion Devices

751.13.1.1 General

The number of movable deck joints in a structure should be minimized. Deck joints should be avoided over roadways, railroads, sidewalks, other public areas, and at the low point of sag vertical curves.

Consult the Structural Project Manager, if the use of special covering floor plates in shoulder areas should be considered.

If no expansion device is specified in the Design Layout, but due to the length of structure an expansion device is required, consult the Structural Project Manager for the type to be used. The roadway surface gap, W, (Except Flat and Finger Plates) in a transverse deck joint, measured in the direction of travel shall satisfy:

For single gaps:

1" ≤ W ≤ 4"

EXPANSION JOINT SELECTION
	Allowable Movement	Allowable Skew
Silicone Expansion Joint Sealant	0 – 2”	≤ 20˚
Preformed Compression Joint Seal	0 – 2”	≤ 20˚
Strip Seals	2” to 4”	≤ 45˚
Flat Plate		> 45˚
Finger Plate

Movement Calculation (in the direction of travel)

$\,\triangle =\gamma (coefficient)(temperature\ range)(actual\ expansion\ length)$

$\,\gamma$ = Load factor for temperature movement

Coefficients, ($\,\alpha$)

Steel:	Thermal - 0.0000065 ft/ft/F°
Concrete:	Thermal - 0.0000060 ft/ft/F°

Temperature Range From 60°F, ($\,\alpha$)

Temperature Range is based on a design installation temperature of 60°F.

	Rise	Fall	Range
Steel Structures	60°F	90°F	150°F (From -30° to 120°)
Concrete Structures	50°F	70°F	120°F (From -10° to 110°)

Actual Expansion Length, (L)

When Expansion joints are used for long span structures with deep girders, movement calculations should also consider the bearings and possible resulting girder rotation.

Installation Width
The installation width, gap, should be adjusted for temperatures above or below the design installation temperature. Movement for a 10°F change in temperature should be indicated on the plans to the nearest 1/16” by using the appropriate note.

Movement for 10°F change in temperature = (α)(10°F)(L)(Cos θ)

751.13.1.2 Expansion and Contraction Length

Note:

= Expansion and contraction length.

For configurations not shown, a temperature force distribution analysis may be necessary to estimate the point of thermal origin.

751.13.1.3 Expansion Device on Skewed Curved Structures

Expansion Device on Skewed Curved Structures

Add the “Section Thru Centerline Expansion Gap” and the Table shown below to the Expansion Device sheet for skewed curved structures.

PART PLAN

SECTION THRU $\,\ C_{\!\!\!\!L}$ EXPANSION GAP

BENT NO.	GRADE ELEVATION			ANGLE		HORIZONTAL DIMENSIONS
	LEFT GUTTER LINE	$\,\ C_{\!\!\!\!L}$ RDWY.	RIGHT GUTTER LINE
				"A"	"B"	"C"	"D"	"E"	"F"

751.13.1.4 Details of Substructure Protection

A protective coating shall be applied to concrete surfaces exposed to drainage from the roadway. Indicate surface to be coated on plans. Urethane resembles black tar which is used where aesthetics is not a concern, otherwise use epoxy.

Note: Epoxy coat all reinforcement in end bents with expansion joint system.

751.13.2 Silicone Expansion Joint Sealant

751.13.2.1 General

Silicone Expansion Joint Sealant is an economical system and should be used for movements up to 2" with skews ≤20°.

This system is preferred by maintenance because it is easily replaced if necessary.

TRANSVERSE BRIDGE SEALANT DIMENSIONS

PART CROSS SECTION THRU EXPANSION JOINT

Minimum thickness of angle shall be 1/2".

751.13.2.2 Steel Structure Details at End Bents

SECTION THRU EXPANSION JOINT

PART PLAN

DETAIL "B"	DETAIL "A"

751.13.2.3 Steel Structure Details at Intermediate Bents

SECTION B-B

PART PLAN

DETAIL "B"	DETAIL "A"

751.13.2.4 Prestressed Structure Details at End Bents

SECTION B-B
PART PLAN
DETAIL "B"	DETAIL "A"

751.13.2.5 Barrier Curb Details

PART SECTION B-B	PART SECTION A-A
PART ELEVATION AT END OF BEVELED CURB BENT PLATE	SECTION C-C
PART ELEVATION OF BARRIER CURB	PART SECTION THRU SAFETY BARRIER CURB SHOWING SILICONE EXPANSION JOINT SEALANT

SQUARE STRUCTURE

SKEWED STRUCTURE

(*) The working point is always placed on the front face side of backwall at the gutter line.

751.13.2.6 Safety Barrier Curb at End Bents

ELEVATION	PART SECTION A-A
PART PLAN B-B	PART PLAN B-B
(SQUARE)	(SKEWED)

751.13.2.7 Double Faced Median Barrier Bridge Curb

For details not shown of median barrier bridge curb, see the safety barrier curb details, Design Division Standard Drawings (Concrete Median Barrier) and Bridge Design Layout.

TYPICAL PART SECTION A-A
PART ELEVATION AT END OF BEVELED CURB BENT PLATE	SECTION C-C
PART ELEVATION OF BARRIER CURB	TYPICAL PART SECTION B-B

751.13.2.8 Polymer Concrete

Silicone Expansion Joint Sealant may be used on rehabilitation projects where other expansion devices need to be replaced. Consult with Structural Project Manager about the use of polymer concrete with silicone sealant. Silicone sealant is to be designed with the same requirements as normal silicone expansion joint sealant.

Note: Anchorage system shall be welded to steel armor with apporpriate weld to meet AASHTO Fatigue Category C for connection.

DETAIL OF SINUSOIDAL BAR

Note: A pay item exists for this type of expansion device system.

The system will be paid for under Silicone Expansion Joint Sealant System per linear foot. Polymer Concrete will be paid for under Polymer Concrete per cubic foot.

DETAIL OF SHEAR CONNETOR

(#4 Reinforcing bar shall be bent in a similar manner)

751.13.3 Preformed Compression Joint Seal

751.13.3.1 General

Performed Compression Seal Expansion Joint Systems is an alternate to Silicone Expansion Joint Sealant System. The system can be used for movements up to 2" with skews ≤ 20°. Future replacement of this system is more difficult than replacement of the Silicone Expansion Joint Sealant System.

PART CROSS SECTION THRU EXPANSION JOINT

TABLE OF TRANSVERSE BRIDGE SEAL DIMENSIONS
SEAL WIDTH (Wn)			REQUIRED MOVEMENT RANGE (M $\,\bot$)	MIN. JOINT WIDTH ($\,\bot$ TO JOINT)	MAX. JOINT WIDTH ($\,\bot$ TO JOINT)
2.5"	1 9/16"	MANUFACTURER'S RECOMMENDED HEIGHT	1.00"	1.13"	2.13"
3.0"	1 7/8"	MANUFACTURER'S RECOMMENDED HEIGHT	1.20"	1.34"	2.55"
3.5"	2 3/16"	MANUFACTURER'S RECOMMENED HEIGHT	1.40"	1.58"	2.98"
4.0"	2 7/16"	MANUFACTURER'S RECOMMENED HEIGHT	1.65"	1.75"	3.40"
4.5"	2 13/16"	MANUFACTURER'S RECOMNENED HEIGHT	1.80"	2.03"	3.83"

Size of Armor Angle:
Vertical leg of angle shall be a minimum of + 3/4", horizontal leg of angle shall be a minimum of 3". Minimum thickness of angle shall be 1/2".

Check 1" ≤ w ≤ 4" after select seal size, w = gap at top slab in the direction of travel, in inch.

751.13.3.2 Steel Structure Details

SECTION B-B

PART PLAN

DETAIL "B"	DETAIL "A"

751.13.3.3 Prestressed Structure Details

SECTION B-B

PART PLAN

DETAIL "B"	DETAIL "A"

751.13.3.4 Barrier Curb Details

PART SECTION B-B	PART SECTION A-A
PART ELEVATION AT END	SECTION C-C OF BEVELED CURB BENT PLATE
PART ELEVATION OF BARRIER CURB	PART SECTION THRU SAFETY BARRIER CURB SHOWING PREFORMED COMPRESSION SEAL

SQUARE STRUCTURE

SKEWED STRUCTURE

(*) The working point is always placed on the front face side of backwall at the gutter line.

751.13.3.5 Sidewalk Details

PART SECTION THRU CENTER OF EXPANSION DEVICE

PART SECTION A-A

(*) See Project Manager for direction of slope.

751.13.3.6 Double Faced Median Barrier Bridge Curb

TYPICAL PART SECTION A-A

PART ELEVATION AT END OF BEVELED CURB BENT PLATE	SECTION C-C
PART ELEVATION OF BARRIER CURB	TYPICAL PART SECTION B-B

751.13.4 Strip Seal Expansion Joint System

751.13.4.1 General

Strip Seal Expansion Joint Systems should be used for movements greater than 2” and less than 4” for skews < 45°. Use flat plate expansion devices on curved structures and skews over 45°.

The installation width, gap = 2”, based on a design installation temperature of 60°F.

On skewed bridges, the strip seal expansion devices must be checked for parallel and perpendicular movements. Parallel movements (Racking) shall be less than 1 ½” for either rise or fall movements. Maximum skew shall be 45°.

Formulas: M = 1.2(ΔT)(α)(L) : Bridge total movement or individual rise and fall movements

ΔT = Corresponding temperature range

L = Expansion length

α = Coefficient of linear expansion

M$\,\bot$ = M cos θ : Movement perpendicular to joint
M$\,\ ||$ = M sin θ : Movement parallel to joint

θ = skew angle

Gland Size

Strip Seal Gland Size	Gap at Top Slab (60°F)	Min. Joint Width ($\,\bot$ to Joint)	Max. Joint Width ($\,\bot$ to Joint)	Max. Gap ($\,\ ||\ C_{\!\!\!L}$ Rdwy)
3”	2”	1”	3”	4”
4”	2”	1”	4”	4”

751.13.4.2 Gland Extrusion Details

DETAIL OF JOINT ARMOR

DETAIL OF GLAND

751.13.4.3 Joint System Details (Steel Structures)

SECTION B-B

PART PLAN

DETAIL "A"

DETAIL "B"

(**) Dimension required to clear bearing stiffener (1 1/2" Min.). (Dimension to be shown on plans)

SECTION B-B

PART PLAN

DETAIL "A"

DETAIL "B"

(**) Dimension required to clear bearing stiffener (1 1/2" Min.). (Dimension to be shown on plans)

751.13.4.4 Joint System Details (Prestressed Structures)

(**) 3/4" Min. (Do not show on plans.)

SECTION B-B

PART PLAN

DETAIL "B"	DETAIL "A"

(*) Dimension required along centerline of girder (Dimension to be shown on plans).

(**) 3/4" Min. (Do not show on plans.)

SECTION B-B

PART PLAN

DETAIL "B"	DETAIL "A"

(*) Dimension required along centerline of girder (Dimension to be shown on plans).

751.13.4.5 Barrier Curb Details

PART SECTION B-B	PART SECTION A-A
PART ELEVATION AT END OF BEVELED CURB BENT PLATE	SECTION C-C

PART ELEVATION OF BARRIER CURB

SECTION THRU JOINT

PART PLAN (SQUARE BRIDGE)

(*) Working Point is always at front face of backwall at gutterline.

PART PLAN (SKEWED BRIDGE)

BARRIER CURB AT END BENTS

ELEVATION	PART SECTION A-A
PART PLAN B-B (SQUARE)	PART PLAN B-B (SKEWED)

751.13.4.6 Double Faced Median Barrier Curb Details

Note: Do not use barrier curb plate on square structures.

For details not shown of median barrier bridge curb, see the safety barrier curb details, Design Division Standard Plans (Concrete Median Barrier) and Bridge Design Layout.

TYPICAL PART SECTION A-A	PART ELEVATION AT END OF BEVELED CURB BENT PLATE
Note: Use continuous strip seal thru median curb only when slab cross-slope slopes away from curb or slab is superelevated.
	SECTION C-C

PART ELEVATION OF BARRIER CURB

TYPICAL PART SECTION B-B

751.13.4.7 Drainage Details

In order for strip seal expansion joint systems to function properly, the gland shall be allowed to drain to prevent build-up of debris. Debris may punch holes in the gland and the extra load may possibly pull the gland from the extrusions.

To prevent debris buildup on the strip seals the gland should not be turned up at the barrier curb. Instead, the steel armor with extrusions should be extended to the face of the slab through the barrier curb.

Drainage shall be handled by one of two methods. The first method is to let the water run off the gland and free fall to the ground below. The gland should extend past the edge of slab 3 inches minimum. At intermediate bents, the bent cap should have a protective coating applied to prevent moisture saturation of the concrete. On structures where there is an adjacent structure separated by a median barrier curb with an open joint (Type D or Split Median) the gland should be terminated at some point under the curb at all bent types and protective coating should be applied at all faces exposed to moisture. The second method of drainage is to provide a fiberglass pipe drainage system to collect water at the bents.

See the Structural Project Manager for the method of drainage to be used. The following pages provide some possible details that may be used for strip seal expansion joint drainage systems.

If the fiberglass pipe drainage system is used, payment will be made under the pay item. Drainage System (On structure), Lump Sum.

Option #1- No Drainage System, at End Bent

Option #1- No Drainage Sytem, at Split Median Barrier Curb at Intermediate Bent

Option #2 - One-Piece Drain System at End Bent

FRONT ELEVATION

PART SECTION A-A

SIDE ELEVATION

Option #2 - One-Piece Drain System, Split Median Barrier Curb at End Bent

FRONT ELEVATION

SECTION THRU BENT

Option #2 - One-Piece Drain System, Intermediate Bent

DETAIL A

(Optional)

Option #2 - One-Piece Drain System at Split Median Barrier Curb at Intermediate Bent

SECTION THRU JOINT

Note: If dropping water to ground from bottom of beam is not allowed, an additional pipe system shall be used.

SECTION A-A

Option #3 - Three-Piece Drain System at Split Median Barrier Curb at Intermediate Bent

SECTION THRU JOINT

SECTION B-B

SECTION C-C

SECTION D-D

(*)Varies (Space holes to clear B1 bars in P/S girders. Use 6" for plate girders.)

SECTION E-E

751.13.4.8 Polymer Concrete

Strip Seal Expansion Joint System may be used on rehabilitation projects where other expansion devices need to be replaced. Consult with Structural Project Manager about the use of polymer concrete with strip seals. Strip seal is to be designed with the same requirements as a normal strip seal expansion joint system.

Note: Anchorage system shall be welded to strip seal steel armor with appropriate weld to meet AASHTO Fatigue for connection.

DETAIL OF SINUSOIDAL BAR

Note: A pay item exists for this type of expansion joint system. The system will be paid for under Strip Seal Expansion Joint System per linear foot. Polymer Concrete will be paid for under Polymer Cocrete per cubic foot.

DETAIL OF SHEAR CONNECTOR

(Alternate #4 reinforcing bar shall be bent similarly)

751.13.5 Flat Plate Expansion Devices

751.13.5.1 General

Flat Plate Expansion Joint System should be used where Strip Seals and Preformed Compression Joints can not be used due to large expansion lengths or curved structures and skews over 45˚.

The installation width, gap = 3 1/2" is based on a design installation temperature of 60˚F.

Flat Plate expansion devices can be used on any skewed bridges.

The max. surface gap, W ≤ 4" does not effect flat plate expansion devices due to the fact there are no visible open joints.

751.13.5.2 Steel Structure Details

Dimensions shown are perpendicular to centerline of joint and do not vary with skew.

PART SECTION AT END BENT

PART SECTION AT INTERMEDIATE BENT

Note:

Part longitudinal sections for bridges on grades or verticle curves having a plate type intermediate expansion device shall be detailed with the expansion plate anchor to the long span side. If equal spans, then place expansion plate anchor on the high side. For bevel plate and permissible field splice details, see this manual section.

751.13.5.3 Prestressed Structure Details

Dimensions shown are perpendicular to centerline of joint and do not vary with skew.

PART SECTION AT END BENT

PART SECTION AT INTERMEDIATE BENT

Notes:

Part longitudinal sections for bridges on grades or vertical curves having a plate type intermediate expansion device shall be detailed with plate anchor to the long span. If equal spans, then place expansion plate anchor on the high side.

(*) Spaced between prestress girder reinforcing bars.

751.13.5.4 Typical Part Plan Details

PART PLAN AT END BENT

PART PLAN AT INTERMEDIATE BENT

Note: Vent holes not shown for clarity.

PART PLAN AT END BENT

PART PLAN AT INTERMEDIATE BENT

Note: Vent holes not shown for clarity.

751.13.5.5 Typical Aligning Bolt and Bevel Plate Details

PART PLAN

SECTION A-A (TYPICAL)

(*) 7/16" Ø Hole, countersunk in the roadway plate; with slotted hole 1/2" x 1" in the angle; and the bar 1 1/4" x 3/8" x 2" tapped for 3/8" Ø flat head stove bolt at about 4'-0" cts. Remove bolt after concrete has set. Offset vertical and horizontal concrete vent holes in 5/8" angle (Do not alternate)

PART SECTION (TYPICAL)	TYPICAL BEVEL PLATE

Note:	Use the bevel plate (at end bents only) when the grade of the slab is 3.0% or more.
	Modify the roadway plate, the 5/8" vertical plate and the continuous bar when the bevel plate is required.

751.13.5.6 Typical Permissible Field Splice Details

PART PLAN

PART PLAN OF ANGLE AND BAR	PART PLAN OF ROADWAY PLATE AND ⅝" PLATE

Note:

If the expansion device length is over 60 feet, splicing is permissible. Details for a steel structure shown, prestress details are similar.

751.13.5.7 Plan of Beam at Bearings

PART PLAN AT BACK WALL
	TABLE FOR "R" - WIDE FLANGE BEAMS Nominal Flange Width (*) 8 ¼" 9" 10" 10 ½" 11 ½" 12" "R" 0.54" 0.54" 0.64" 0.70" 0.75" 0.80"
DETAIL "A" (TYPICAL)	(*) Note: For wide flange beams with flange widths other than those shown refer to AISC Steel Construction Manual for "R".
STRINGER OR GIRDER INTERMEDIATE BENTS	STRINGER OR GIRDER WITH BEARING AT END BENTS

(*) Note: Details for a steel structure shown, details for a prestress structure similar.

751.13.5.8 Barrier Curb Details

PART ELEVATION AT END OF BEVELED CURB BENT PLATE	SECTION C-C
ELEVATION OF BARRIER CURB	PART SECTION A-A

751.13.5.9 Miscellaneous Details

TYPICAL SIDEWALK DETAILS

TYPICAL MEDIAN DETAILS

PART SECTION A-A

751.13.6 Finger Plate Expansion Devices

751.13.6.1 General

The max. roadway surface gap (W) shall meet the following criteria:

When W(Long.) < 8", Then W(Tran.) < 3".

OR

When W(Long.) > 8", Then W(Tran.) < 2".

The min. finger overlap = 1.5"

Expansion lengths are calculated from the total movement value by the following equation:

Expansion length = $\,{\frac {Movement}{1.2\left(\alpha \right)\left(T\right)}}$

Where:

For Concrete:

$\,\alpha$ = 0.000006 ft/ft/˚F

$\,T$ = 120˚F

For Steel:

$\,\alpha$ = 0.0000065 ft/ft/˚F

$\,T$ = 150˚F

751.13.6.2 Details at Bents

Details at End Bent

Dimensions shown are perpendicular to centerline of joint and do not vary with skew (Unless otherwise noted).

PART SECTION THRU EXPANSION DEVICE
(Steel Structure)

	DETAIL "A"

PART SECTION THRU EXPANSION DEVICE
(Prestress Structure)

(*) Dimension along centerline of girder.

(**) When distance "A" or "D" shown in LRFD DG Sec. 6.3 is greater than 9" or 12", respectively, then the details of supporting anles, mounting plates, shear studs and finger plate thickness need to be specially designed. Mounting Plates shall not be less than supporting angle in thickness.

Details at Intermediate Bent

Dimensions shown are perpendicular to centerline of joint and do not vary with skew (Unless otherwise noted).

PART SECTION THRU EXPANSION DEVICE
(Steel Structure)

Note: for Details "A" see above.

PART SECTION THRU EXPANSION DEVICE
(Prestressed Structure)

(*) Dimension along centerline of Girder.

(**) When distance "A" or "D" shown in LRFD DG Sec 6.3 is greater than 9" or 12", respectively, then the details of supporting angles, mounting plates, shear studs and finger plate thickness need to be specially designed. Mounting Plates shall not be less than supporting angle in thickness.

Dimensions shown are perpendicular to centerline of joint and do not vary with skew (Unless otherwise noted).

(*) Dimension along centerline of Girder.

(**) When distance "A" or "D" shown below is greater than 9" or 12", respectively, then the details of supporting angles, mounting plates, shear studs and finger plate thickness need to be specially designed. Mounting Plates shall not be less than supporting angle in thickness.

Details of W24 Piece

PLAN

ELEVATION OF PIECE W24 X	76 (SQUARED)
	104 (SKEWED)

Note:

Place the above details near "Part Section Thru Expansion Joint System For Finger Plates".

All holes shown for connections to be subpunched 11/16" Ø (shop or field drill) and reamed to 13/16" Ø in field.

751.13.6.3 Typical Plan of Plate

	4" MOVEMENT Skew Angle A B Square 7 1/2" 2" 1° - 13° 7 1/2" 2 1/8" 14° - 19° 7 1/2" 2 3/16" 20° - 37° 7 1/2" 2 1/4" 38° - 46° 7" 2 5/16" 47° - 53° 6 1/2" 2 3/8" 54° - 58° 6" 2 7/16" 59° - 60° 5 1/2" 2 7/16"
TYPICAL PLAN OF PLATE (SQUARE)
	6" MOVEMENT Skew Angle A B Square 9 1/2" 2" 1° - 16° 9 1/2" 2 1/16" 17° - 29° 9 1/2" 2 1/8" 30° - 39° 9" 2 3/16" 40° - 48° 8 1/2" 2 1/4" 49° - 54° 7 1/2" 2 5/16" 55° - 60° 7" 2 3/8"
TYPICAL PLAN OF PLATE (SKEWED)

Ø = skew angle

C = A - 0.5") + [(Gap @ 60°F) cos Ø]

D = (A- 0.5") sec Ø

E = 4" - B

751.13.6.4 Barrier Curb Details

PART ELEVATION OF BARRIER CURB (END BENT)	TYPICAL PART SECTION A-A
PART ELEVATION AT END OF BEVELED CURB BENT PLATE	SECTION C-C
PART ELEVATION OF BARRIER CURB (INTERMEDIATE BENT)	TYPICAL PART SECTION B-B

PART PLAN OF CURB AT END BENT (SQUARE)

PART PLAN OF CURB AT END BENT (SKEWED)

PART PLAN OF CURB AT INTERMEDIATE BENT (SQUARE)

PART PLAN OF CURB AT INTERMEDIATE BENT (SKEWED)

751.13.6.5 Median Barrier Curb Details

For the details not shown of median barrier bridge curb, see the safety barrier curb details. The Design Division Standard Plans (Concrete median barrier ), and the Bridge Design Layout.

TYPICAL PART SECTION A-A	TYPICAL PART SECTION B-B
	PART ELEVATION AT END OF BEVELED CURB BENT PLATE SECTION C-C
PART ELEVATION OF BARRIER CURB (INTERMEDIATE BENT)