903.2 Regulatory Signs and Barricades (MUTCD Chapter 2B)

903.2.1 Application of Regulatory Signs (MUTCD Section 2B.01)

Standard. Regulatory signs shall be used to inform road users of selected traffic laws or regulations and to indicate the applicability of the legal requirements.

Regulatory signs shall be installed at or near where the regulations apply. The signs shall clearly indicate the requirements imposed by the regulations and shall be designed and installed to provide adequate visibility and legibility in order to obtain compliance.

Regulatory signs shall be retroreflective or illuminated (see EPG 903.1.21).

903.2.2 Design of Regulatory Signs (MUTCD Section 2B.02)

Standard. Regulatory signs shall be rectangular unless specifically designated otherwise in the EPG. Regulatory signs shall be designed in accordance with the sizes, shapes, colors, and legends contained in the FHWA “Standard Highway Signs” publication (see EPG 911 (MUTCD Section 1A.05)).

Support. The use of educational plaques to supplement symbol signs is described in EPG 903.1.9.

The use of LEDs in the border or legend of regulatory signs is described in EPG 903.1.12.

Standard. LED signs displaying a part-time prohibitory message incorporating a red circle and diagonal of a static sign shall display a red symbol that approximates the same red circle and diagonal as closely as possible. The symbol of the action to be prohibited shall be displayed in white LEDs on a black background.

A regulatory sign displayed entirely with LEDs and incorporated within the border of a larger full-matrix changeable message sign shall display the regulatory sign legend in the size, shape, color, and legend of the standard regulatory sign.

903.2.3 Size of Regulatory Signs (MUTCD Section 2B.03)

Standard. Except as provided in EPG 903.1.7, the minimum sizes for regulatory signs shall be as shown in Table 903.2.3.

Support. EPG 903.1.7 contains information regarding the applicability of the various columns in Table 903.2.3.

Guidance. The minimum sizes for regulatory signs facing traffic on exit and entrance ramps at interchanges should be as shown in the column of Table 903.2.3 that corresponds to the mainline roadway classification (Expressway/Freeway).

Standard. The minimum size for WRONG WAY and DO NOT ENTER signs on ramps facing the opposite direction of travel where a road user could wrongly enter the ramp from a conventional road shall be the size listed in the Conventional Road - Standard column of Table 903.2.3. See EPG 903.2.37 and 903.2.38 for additional information.

Option. The minimum size for WRONG WAY and DO NOT ENTER signs on ramps facing the opposite direction of travel where a road user could wrongly enter the ramp from a conventional road may be increased to the size in the Conventional Road – Oversized column of Table 903.2.3 when the need for greater emphasis has been determined based on engineering judgement.

Table 903.2.3, Regulatory Sign and Plaque Sizes

Sign or Plaque	Sign Designation	EPG Article	Conventional Road (in. x in.)			Freeway/Expressway (in. x in.)
			Standard	Oversized	Special	Mainline and Ramps
Stop	R1-1	903.2.4	36 X 36	48 X 48	-	48 X 48
Yield	R1-2	903.2.5	48 X 48 X 48	60 X 60 X 60	-	60 X 60 X 60
To Oncoming Traffic (plaque)	R1-2aP	903.2.5	36 X 30	-	-	-
All-Way (plaque)	R1-3P	903.2.4	30 X 12	-	-	-
Yield Here To Pedestrians	R1-5	903.2.18	36 X 36	-	-	-
Yield Here to Trail Crossing	R1-5d	903.2.18	36 X 42	-	-	-
In-Street Pedestrian Crossing - Yield	R1-6	903.2.19	12 X 36	-	-	-
In-Street Trail Crossing - Yield	R1-6d	903.2.19	12 X 36	-	-	-
Speed Limit	R2-1	903.2.20	36 X 48	48 X 60	-	48 X 60
Combined Speed Limit	R2-4a	903.2.21	-	-	-	48 X 96
Speed Limit _ Except Where Posted	R2-5d	903.2.22	36 X 48	-	-	36 X 48
Fines Doubled Ends	R2-20	903.2.71	36 X 30	-	-	36 X 30
No Right Turn	R3-1	903.2.24	36 X 36	48 X 48	24 X 24 - 30 X 30	48 X 48
No Left Turn	R3-2	903.2.24	36 X 36	48 X 48	24 X 24 - 30 X 30	48 X 48
No Turns	R3-3	903.2.24	36 X 36	48 X 48	24 X 24 - 30 X 30	36 X 36
No U Turn	R3-4	903.2.24	36 X 36	48 X 48	24 X 24 - 30 X 30	-
Right (Left/Ahead) Only	R3-5, 5a	903.2.26	30 X 36	-	-	-
Straight and Right (Left)	R3-6	903.2.27	30 X 36	-	-	-
Optional Movement U and Left Turn	R3-6a	903.2.27	30 X 36	-	-	-
Optional Movement Left Turns	R3-6b	903.2.27	30 X 36	-	-	-
Right (Left) Lane Must Turn Right (Left)	R3-7	903.2.26	36 X 36	-	-	-
Advance Intersection Lane Control	R3-8,8a,8b,8xa, 8xb,8xc	903.2.28	Varies X 30	-	-	-
Two-Way Left Turn Only (overhead)	R3-9a	903.2.29	30 X 36	-	-	-
Center Lane Two-Way Left Turn Only (post-mounted)	R3-9b	903.2.29	24 X 36	36 X 48	-	-
No U Turn/No Left Turn	R3-18	903.2.24	36 X 36	48 X 48	24 X 24 - 30 X 30	-
No Straight Through	R3-27	903.2.24	36 X 36	48 X 48	24 X 24 - 30 X 30	48 X 48
Do Not Pass	R4-1	903.2.31	36 X 48		36 X 48	-
Pass With Care	R4-2	903.2.32	36 X 48		48 X 60	-
Slower Traffic Keep Right	R4-3	903.2.33	36 X 48	48 X 60	48 X 60	48 X 60
Keep Right	R4-7	903.2.34	24 X 30	36 X 48	36 X 48	48 X 60
Keep Right (horizontal arrow)	R4-7a	903.2.34	36 X 48	48 X 60	48 X 60	48 X 60
Keep Right (45° arrow)	R4-7b	903.2.34	36 X 48	48 X 60	-	84 X 96
Narrow Keep Right	R4-7c	903.2.34	18 X 30	-	-	-
Keep Left	R4-8	903.2.34	24 X 30	36 X 48	-	48 X 60
Keep Left (horizontal arrow)	R4-8a	903.2.34	36 X 48	48 X 60	-	48 X 60
Keep Left (45° arrow)	R4-8b	903.2.34	36 X 48	48 X 60	-	84 X 96
Narrow Keep Left	R4-8c	903.2.34	18 X 30	-	-	-
Keep Right Except to Pass	R4-16	903.2.33	36 X 48	-	-	-
Do Not Drive on Shoulder	R4-17	903.2.35	36 X 48	-	-	-
Next Passing Lane _ Miles	R4-28	903.2.69	-	-	-	-
End Passing Lanes	R4-29	903.2.69	-	-	-	-
Do Not Enter	R5-1	903.2.37	36 X 36	48 X 48	-	48 X 48
Wrong Way	R5-1a	903.2.39	42 X 30	-	-	42 X 30
No Trucks	R5-2	903.2.36	36 X 36	-	-
Except Local Deliveries (plaque)	R5-2aP	903.2.36	36 X 18	-	-
Engine Brake Muffler Required	R5-23	-	30 X 30	-	-	30 X 30
No Fishing from Bridge	R5-25	903.2.36	18 X 24	-	-	18 X 24
No Dumping	R5-28	903.2.66	-	-	-	48 X 24
Authorized and Emergency Vehicles Only	R5-29	903.2.36	-	-	-	24 X 30
Do Not Stop on Tracks	R5-31	903.2.45	24 X 30	-	-	-
One Way	R6-1	903.2.40	36 X 12	48 X 18	-	48 X 18
One Way	R6-2	903.2.40	24 X 30	30 X 36	-	-
Divided Highway (4-legged)	R6-3	903.2.41	30 X 24	-	-	36 X 30
Divided Highway (T-intersection)	R6-3a	903.2.41	30 X 24	-	-	36 X 30
No Parking Signs	R7 series	903.2.43	18 X 24	-	-	-
Reserved Parking	R7-8	903.2.43	18 X 24	-	-	-
Van Accessible (plaque)	R7-8aP	903.2.43	18 X 9	-	-	-
No Parking on Bridge	R7-35	903.2.43	18 X 24	-	-	18 X 24
No Parking Trucks and Trailers Over 6 Tons	R7-36	903.2.62	18 X 24	36 X 48	-	-
Tow Away Zone (plaque)	R7-201P, R7-201ap	903.2.43	18 X 9	-
This Side of Sign (plaque)	R7-202P	903.2.43	18 X 9	-	-
Emergency Stopping Only	R8-7	903.2.45	48 X 36	-	-	48 X 36
No Pedestrian Crossing (symbol)	R9-3	903.2.46	18 X 24	-	-	-
No Pedestrian Crossing	R9-3a	903.2.46	18 X 24	-	-	-
Pedestrian Signal Series	R10-3 & R10-4 series	903.2.47	9 X 15	-	-	-
Left on Green Arrow Only	R10-5	903.2.48	24 X 30	30 X 36	-	30 X 36
Stop Here on Red	R10-6	903.2.48	24 X 36	-	-	-
Do Not Block Intersection	R10-7	903.2.48	24 X 30	-	-	-
Right Turn Signal	R10-10R	-	30 X 36	-	-	-
No Turn on Red	R10-11	903.2.49	30 X 36	-	-	-
Left Turn on Green (Ball)	R10-12	903.2.48	24 X 30	30 X 36	-	30 X 36
Left Turn Yield on Flashing Yellow Arrow	R10-12a	903.2.48	24 X 30	30 X 36	-	30 X 36
Emergency Signal	R10-13	903.2.48	36 X 24	-	-	-
Emergency Signal Stop on Flashing Red	R10-14	903.2.48	36 X 42	-	-	-
Emergency Signal - Stop on Flashing Red (overhead)	R10-14a	903.2.48	60 X 24	-	-	-
Stop Here on Red	R10-14b	903.2.48	24 X 36	-	-	-
Turning Vehicles Yield to Pedestrians	R10-15	903.2.48	30 X 30	-	-	-
Traffic Signal Photo Enforced	R10-18a	903.2.56	30 X 42	36 X 54	-	-
Photo Enforced (symbol plaque)	R10-19P	903.2.56	24 X 12	48 X 24	-	-
Crosswalk - Stop on Red	R10-23	903.2.48	24 X 30	-	-	-
Stop on Red - Yield on Flashing Red After Stop	R10-23a	903.2.48	24 X 30	-	-	-
Push Button for Warning Lights - Wait for Gap in Traffic	R10-25	903.2.47	9 X 12	-	-	-
XX Vehicles per Green	R10-28	903.2.50	24 X 30	-	-	-
XX Vehicles per Green Each Lane	R10-29	903.2.50	36 X 24	-	-	-
Right Turn on Red Must Yield to U-Turn	R10-30	903.2.49	30 X 36	-	-	-
Right Turn Must Yield To U-Turn	R10-30a	903.2.49	36 X 24	-	-	-
Keep Off Median	R11-1	903.2.51	48 X 60	48 X 60	-	-
Road Closed	R11-2	903.2.52	48 X 30			-
Road Closed _ Miles Ahead Local Traffic Only	R11-3	903.2.52	60 X 30			-
Road Closed to Thru Traffic	R11-4	903.2.52	60 X 30			-
Weight Limit XX Tons	R12-1	903.2.53	36 X 48			36 X 48
Weigh Station Signs	R13 series	903.2.54	Varies			Varies
Truck Route	R14-1	903.2.55	24 X 18			-
State Law Move Over or Slow Down for Stopped Emergency Vehicles	R16-25	903.2.57	120 X 60			120 X 60
Primary Seat Belt City/County	R16-27B	903.2.59	30 X 36			-
State Law Buckle Up / Phone Down	R16-30	903.2.59	48 X 30			-
State Law Buckle Up / Phone Down	R16-30a	903.2.59	-			72 X 48
Roadside Park Signs	R20-1	903.2.66	30 X 30			-
Rest Area Regulations	R20-2	903.2.67	30 X 36			-
Commuter Parking Regulations	R20-3	903.2.67	42 X 48			-
Rest Area Signs	R20 Series	903.2.67				Varies

903.2.4 STOP Sign (R1-1) and ALL-WAY Plaque (R1-3P) (MUTCD Section 2B.04)

R1-1

R1-3P

Standard. When it is determined that a full stop is always required on an approach to an intersection, a STOP (R1-1) sign shall be used.

Secondary legends shall not be used on STOP sign faces.

The STOP sign shall not be displayed using a changeable message sign.

At intersections where all approaches are controlled by STOP signs (see EPG 903.2.11), an ALL-WAY (R1-3P) supplemental plaque shall be mounted below each STOP sign. The ALL-WAY plaque shall have a white legend and border on a red background.

Supplemental plaques with legends such as 2-WAY, 3-WAY, 4-WAY, or other numbers of ways shall not be used with STOP signs.

Support. The use of the CROSS TRAFFIC DOES NOT STOP (W4-4P Series) and other plaques with variations of this legend is described in EPG 903.3.65.

Guidance. The TRAFFIC FROM LEFT (RIGHT) DOES NOT STOP (W4-4aP) plaque or ONCOMING TRAFFIC DOES NOT STOP (W4-4bP) plaque should be used at intersections where STOP signs control all but one approach to the intersection, unless the only non-stopped approach is from a one-way street.

Support. The design and application of Stop Beacons are described in EPG 902.18.5.

903.2.5 YIELD Sign (R1-2) (MUTCD Section 2B.05)

R1-2

R1-2aP

Support. The YIELD sign requires road users to yield the right-of-way to other traffic on certain approaches to an intersection or on a two-way approach to a one-way section of roadway, such as a narrow bridge or underpass. Vehicles controlled by a YIELD sign need to slow down to a speed that is reasonable for the existing conditions or stop when necessary to avoid interfering with conflicting traffic.

Standard. The YIELD (R1-2) sign shall not be displayed using a changeable message sign.

903.2.6 General Considerations (MUTCD Section 2B.06)

Support. Unsignalized intersections represent the most common form of intersection right-of-way control. Selection of control type might be impacted by specific requirements of State law or local ordinances.

Roundabouts and traffic circles are circular intersection designs and are not traffic control devices. The decision to convert an intersection from a conventional intersection to a circular intersection is an engineering design decision and not a traffic control device decision. As such, criteria for conversion from a conventional intersection to a circular intersection are not included in EPG 903.

Guidance. The type of traffic control used at an unsignalized intersection should be the least restrictive that provides appropriate levels of safety and efficiency for all road users.

Support. Some types of right-of-way control that can exist at an unsignalized intersection in order from the least restrictive to the most restrictive are the following:

A. Yield control (see EPG 903.2.9): YIELD signs are placed on all approaches (for a circular intersection), or in the median of a divided highway. The YIELD signs are placed on the minor road.

B. Minor road stop control (see EPG 903.2.10): STOP signs are typically placed on opposing approaches (for a four-leg intersection) or on a single approach (for a three-leg intersection). The STOP signs are normally placed on the minor road. EPG 903.2.7 contains guidance on selecting the minor road.

C. All-way stop control (see EPG 903.2.11): STOP signs are placed on all approaches to the intersection.

Guidance. When selecting a form of intersection control, the following factors should be considered:

A. Motor vehicle, bicycle, and pedestrian traffic volumes on all approaches; where the term units/day or units/hour is indicated, it should be the total of motor vehicle, bicycle, and pedestrian volume;

B. Driver yielding behavior with regard to all modes of conflicting traffic, including bicyclists and pedestrians;

C. Number and angle of approaches;

D. Approach speeds;

E. Sight distance available on each approach;

F. Reported crash experience; and

G. The presence of a grade crossing near the intersection.

Standard. YIELD or STOP signs shall not be used for speed control.

Access to the state highway system from city streets, county roads or other significant private road approaches shall be controlled by installation of MoDOT STOP signs. Significant private roads are those that service 3 or more private residences.

Option. Stop signs, based on engineering judgment and a traffic study justifying the need, may be installed for a private road approach servicing fewer than 3 private residences, or a commercial entrance.

Standard. Because the potential for conflicting commands could create driver confusion, YIELD or STOP signs shall not be used in conjunction with any traffic control signal operation, except in the following cases:

A. If the signal indication for an approach is a flashing red at all times;

B. If a minor street or driveway is located within or adjacent to the area controlled by the traffic control signal, but does not require separate traffic signal control because an extremely low potential for conflict exists; or

C. If a channelized turn lane is separated from the adjacent travel lanes by an island and the channelized turn lane is not controlled by a traffic control signal.

STOP signs and YIELD signs shall not be installed on different approaches to the same unsignalized intersection if those approaches conflict with or oppose each other, except as provided for in Items A and B in the first paragraph of EPG 903.2.9.

Portable or part-time STOP or YIELD signs shall not be used except for emergency and temporary traffic control zone purposes.

A portable or part-time (folding) STOP sign that is manually placed into view and manually removed from view shall not be used during a power outage to control a signalized approach unless the maintaining agency establishes that the signal indication that will first be displayed to that approach upon restoration of power is a flashing red signal indication and that the portable STOP sign will be manually removed from view prior to resuming stop-and-go operation of the traffic control signal.

Option. When a STOP sign or YIELD sign is knocked down and it is not possible to repair the assembly immediately, a temporary sign of the same likeness (STOP sign for STOP and YIELD sign for YIELD) may be installed on a portable sign support at the location until the permanent assembly can be repaired. See EPG 948 for additional information regarding Incident Response Planning.

Support. The use of STOP signs at grade crossings is described in EPG 913.2.4 and EPG 913.2.5.

EPG 914.2.1 contains provisions regarding the assignment of priority where a shared-use path crosses a roadway.

903.2.7 Determining the Minor Road for Unsignalized Intersections (MUTCD Section 2B.07)

Guidance. The selection of the minor road to be controlled by STOP signs should be based on one or more of the following criteria:

A. A roadway intersecting a highway,

B. A roadway with the lower functional classification,

C. A roadway with the lower traffic volume,

D. A roadway with the lower speed limit, and/or

E. A roadway that intersects with a roadway that has a higher priority for one or more modes of travel.

When two roadways that have relatively equal volumes, speeds, and/or other characteristics intersect, the following factors should be considered in selecting the minor road for installation of STOP signs:

A. Controlling the direction that conflicts the most with established pedestrian crossing activity or school walking routes;

B. Controlling the direction that has obscured vision, dips, or bumps that already require drivers to use lower operating speeds;

C. Controlling the direction that has the best sight distance from a controlled position to observe conflicting traffic; and

D. Stopping the direction that has the longest distance of uninterrupted flow approaching the intersection.

903.2.8 Right-of-Way Intersection Control Considerations (MUTCD Section 2B.08)

Guidance. Before converting to a more restrictive form of right-of-way control at an unsignalized intersection, the following alternative treatments to address safety, operational, or other concerns should be among those to be considered:

A. Where stop controlled, installing Stop Ahead signs on the appropriate approaches to the intersection;

B. Removing parking on one or more approaches;

C. Removing sight distance obstructions;

D. Installing signs along the major street to warn road users approaching the intersection;

E. Relocating the stop line(s) and making other changes to improve the sight distance at the intersection;

F. Installing measures designed to reduce speeds on the approaches;

G. Installing an Intersection Control Beacon (see EPG 902.18.2) or Stop Beacon (see EPG 902.18.5) at the intersection to supplement STOP sign control;

H. Installing a Warning Beacon (see EPG 902.18.3) on warning signs in advance of a stop-controlled intersection on major-street and/or minor-street approaches;

I. Adding one or more lanes on a minor-street approach to reduce the number of vehicles per lane on the approach;

J. Revising the geometrics at the intersection to channelize vehicular movements and reduce the time required for a vehicle to complete a movement, which could also assist pedestrians;

K. Revising the geometrics at the intersection to add pedestrian median refuge islands and/or curb extensions;

L. Installing roadway lighting if a disproportionate number of crashes occur at night;

M. Restricting one or more turning movements on a full-time or part-time basis if alternate routes are available;

N. Installing on the major street a pedestrian-actuated device: Warning Beacon (see EPG 902.18.3), rectangular rapid-flashing beacon (see EPG 902.12.1), or In-Roadway Warning Lights (see EPG 902.20), if pedestrian safety is the major concern;

O. If the warrant is satisfied, installing all-way stop control;

P. Installing a pedestrian hybrid beacon (see EPG 902.10) on the major street to address pedestrian safety;

Q. Installing a circular intersection; and

R. Employing other alternatives, depending on conditions at the intersection.

903.2.9 Yield Control (MUTCD Section 2B.10)

Guidance. YIELD signs should be installed at an intersection when any of the following conditions apply:

A. At the second intersection of a divided highway crossing or median break functioning as two separate intersections (see Figure 903.2.41.2). In this case, a YIELD sign should be installed at the entrance to the second intersection.

B. For a channelized turn lane that is separated from the adjacent travel lanes by an island, even if the adjacent lanes at the intersection are controlled by a highway traffic control signal or by a STOP sign.

C. At an intersection where a special problem exists and where engineering judgment indicates the problem to be susceptible to correction by the use of the YIELD sign.

D. On an approach to an intersection where the only permissible movement is a right-turn movement with an intersection geometry similar to a channelized right-turn lane or an approach to a roundabout.

Support. YIELD signs are generally not to be installed at entrance ramps on MoDOT freeways or expressways where an acceleration lane is provided. The intention is for drivers to accelerate to improve merging traffic operation. YIELD signs may cause drivers to decelerate, thus negatively impacting merging traffic operation. For cloverleaf interchanges, the loop entrance ramps can result in low speeds on ramps and short weave sections. Therefore, YIELD signs are installed at cloverleaf interchanges.

Standard. YIELD signs shall be used at a cloverleaf interchange where the in-loop traffic merges with the acceleration and deceleration traffic movement.

Option. YIELD signs may be installed facing the entering roadway for a merge-type movement if engineering judgment indicates that control is needed because acceleration geometry and/or sight distance is not adequate for merging traffic operation. The design criteria contained in Section 10.9.6.5 of the “AASHTO Green Book – A Policy on Geometric Design Of Highways and Streets,” 7th Edition, 2018, AASHTO should be used to evaluate acceleration lane geometry. (See Figure 903.15.23).

Standard. A YIELD sign shall be used to require road users to yield the right-of-way to other traffic at the entrance to a roundabout. YIELD signs at roundabouts shall be used to control the approach roadways and shall not be used to control the circulatory roadway.

YIELD signs shall not be placed on all of the approaches to an intersection, except at roundabouts.

903.2.10 Minor Road Stop Control (MUTCD Section 2B.11)

Standard. All city street and county road access to the state highway system shall be controlled by a stop sign except as described in EPG 903.2.9 and EPG 902.

903.2.11 All-Way Stop Control (MUTCD Section 2B.12)

Support. The provisions in the following sections describe warrants for the recommended engineering study to determine all-way stop control. Warrants are not a substitute for engineering judgment. The fact that a warrant for a particular traffic control device is met is not conclusive justification to install or not install all-way stop control. Because each intersection will have unique characteristics that affect its operational performance or safety, it is the engineering study for a given intersection that is ultimately the basis for a decision to install or not install all-way stop control.

All-way stop controls at intersections with substantially differing approach volumes can reduce the effectiveness of these devices for all roadway users.

Guidance. The decision to establish all-way stop control at an unsignalized intersection should be based on an engineering study. The engineering study for all-way stop control should include an analysis of factors related to the existing operation and safety at the intersection, the potential to improve these conditions, and the applicable factors contained in the following all-way stop control warrants:

A. All-Way Stop Control Warrant A: Crash Experience (see EPG 903.2.12)

B. All-Way Stop Control Warrant B: Sight Distance (see EPG 903.2.13)

C. All-Way Stop Control Warrant C: Transition to Signal Control or Transition to Yield Control at a Circular Intersection (see EPG 903.2.14)

D. All-Way Stop Control Warrant D: 8-Hour Volume (Vehicles, Pedestrians, Bicycles) (see EPG 903.2.15)

E. All-Way Stop Control Warrant E: Other Factors (see EPG 903.2.16)

Standard. The satisfaction of an all-way stop control warrant or warrants shall not in itself require the installation of all-way stop control at an unsignalized intersection.

903.2.12 All-Way Stop Control Warrant A: Crash Experience (MUTCD Section 2B.13)

Option. All-way stop control may be installed at an intersection where an engineering study indicates that:

A. For a four-leg intersection, there are five or more reported crashes in a 12-month period or six or more reported crashes in a 36-month period that were of a type susceptible to correction by the installation of all-way stop control.

B. For a three-leg intersection, there are four or more reported crashes in a 12-month period or five or more reported crashes in a 36-month period that were of a type susceptible to correction by the installation of all-way stop control.

903.2.13 All-Way Stop Control Warrant B: Sight Distance (MUTCD Section 2B.14)

Option. All-way stop control may be installed at an intersection where an engineering study indicates that sight distance on the minor-road approaches controlled by a STOP sign is not adequate for a vehicle to turn onto or cross the major (uncontrolled) road.

Support. At such a location, a road user, after stopping, cannot see conflicting traffic and is not able to negotiate the intersection unless conflicting cross traffic is also required to stop.

903.2.14 All-Way Stop Control Warrant C: Transition to Signal Control or Transition to Yield Control at a Circular Intersection (MUTCD Section 2B.15)

Option. All-way stop control may be installed at locations where all-way stop control is an interim measure that can be installed to control traffic while arrangements are being made for the installation of a traffic control signal (see EPG 902.3) at the intersection or for the installation of yield control at a circular intersection.

903.2.15 All-Way Stop Control Warrant D: 8-Hour Volume (Vehicles, Pedestrians, Bicycles) (MUTCD Section 2B.16)

Option. All-way stop control may be installed at an intersection where an engineering study indicates:

A. The combined motor vehicle, bicycle, and pedestrian volume entering the intersection from the major-street approaches is at least 300 units per hour for each of any 8 hours of a typical day; and

B. The combined motor vehicle, bicycle, and pedestrian volume entering the intersection from the minor-street approaches is at least 200 units per hour for each of any of the same 8 hours.

If the 85th-percentile approach speed of the major-street traffic exceeds 40 mph, the minimum vehicular volume warrants may be reduced to 70 percent of the values given in Items A and B in the preceding paragraph.

903.2.16 All-Way Stop Control Warrant E: Other Factors (MUTCD Section 2B.17)

Option. All-way stop control may be installed at an intersection where an engineering study indicates that all-way stop control is needed due to other factors not addressed in the other all-way stop control warrants. Such other factors may include, but are not limited to, the following:

A. The need to control left-turn conflicts,

B. An intersection of two residential neighborhood collector (through) streets of similar design and operating characteristics where all-way stop control would improve traffic operational characteristics of the intersection, or

C. Where pedestrian and/or bicyclist movements support the installation of all-way stop control.

903.2.17 STOP Sign or YIELD Sign Placement (MUTCD Section 2B.18)

Standard. The STOP or YIELD sign shall be installed on the near side of the intersection on the right-hand side of the approach to which it applies. When the STOP or YIELD sign is installed at this required location and the sign visibility is restricted, a Stop Ahead sign (see EPG 903.2.29) shall be installed in advance of the STOP sign or a Yield Ahead sign (see EPG 903.2.29) shall be installed in advance of the YIELD sign.

The STOP or YIELD sign shall be located as close as practicable to the intersection it regulates, while optimizing its visibility to the road user it is intended to regulate.

STOP signs and YIELD signs shall not be mounted on the same post.

Support. EPG 903.1.5 contains information about mounting signs back-to-back with a STOP or YIELD sign.

Guidance. STOP or YIELD signs should not be placed farther than 50 feet from the edge of the pavement of the intersected roadway (see Drawing F in Figure 903.1.13).

Supplemental plaques used in conjunction with a STOP or YIELD sign should be limited to those specified for such use in the EPG.

Standard. Where drivers proceeding straight ahead must yield to traffic approaching from the opposite direction, such as at a one-lane bridge, a TO ONCOMING TRAFFIC (R1-2aP) plaque shall be mounted below the YIELD sign. See Figure 903.2.53.2 and Figure 903.2.53.3 in EPG 903.2.53.

Support. Figure 903.1.13 shows examples of some typical placements of STOP signs and YIELD signs.

EPG 903.1.13 contains additional information about separate and combined mounting of other signs with STOP or YIELD signs.

Guidance. Stop lines that are used to supplement a STOP sign should be located as described in EPG 620.2.18. Yield lines that are used to supplement a YIELD sign should be located as described in EPG 620.2.18.

Where there is a marked crosswalk at the intersection, the STOP sign should be installed in advance of the edge of the crosswalk that is nearest to the approaching traffic.

Except at roundabouts and channelized right-turn lanes, where there is a marked crosswalk at the intersection, the YIELD sign should be installed in advance of the edge of the crosswalk that is nearest to the approaching traffic.

Where two roads intersect at an acute angle, the STOP or YIELD sign should be positioned at an angle, or shielded, so that the legend is out of view of traffic to which it does not apply.

At a roundabout intersection, to prevent circulating vehicles from yielding unnecessarily, the face of the YIELD sign is not to be visible from the circulatory roadway.

If a raised splitter island is available on the left-hand side of a multi-lane roundabout approach, an additional YIELD sign should be placed on the left-hand side of the approach.

Option. If a raised splitter island is available on the left-hand side of a single-lane roundabout approach, an additional YIELD sign may be placed on the left-hand side of the approach.

At wide-throat intersections or where two or more approach lanes of traffic exist on the signed approach, an additional STOP or YIELD sign may be installed on the left-hand side of the road and/or a stop or yield line may be used to improve observance of the right-of-way control. At channelized intersections or at divided roadways separated by a median or divisional island (painted or physical), the additional STOP or YIELD sign may be placed on a channelizing island, or in the median or on the divisional island.

Standard. More than one STOP sign or more than one YIELD sign shall not be placed on the same support facing in the same direction.

903.2.18 Yield Here To Pedestrians Signs (R1-5 Series) (MUTCD Section 2B.19)

R1-5

R1-5d

Support. The R1-5 series signs are intended to mitigate the scenario that can place pedestrians at risk by blocking other drivers’ view of pedestrians and by blocking the pedestrians' view of the vehicles approaching in the adjacent lanes.

Standard. Yield Here to Pedestrians (R1-5, R1-5a, R1-5c, and R1-5d) signs shall be used if yield lines are used in advance of a marked crosswalk only where it crosses an uncontrolled multi-lane approach. The legend STATE LAW shall not be displayed on the R1-5 series signs.

Guidance. If yield lines and Yield Here to Pedestrians signs are used in advance of a crosswalk that crosses an uncontrolled multi-lane approach, the signs should be placed 20 to 50 feet in advance of the nearest edge of the crosswalk (see EPG 620.2.18 and Figure 620.2.18).

Standard. When used with a School Crossing assembly within school zones (see EPG 908), the R1-5a sign shall be used in place of the R1-5 sign in accordance with the second paragraph of this article.

When used with a Trail Crossing assembly (see EPG 903.3.44), the R1-5d sign shall be used in place of the R1-5 sign in accordance with the second paragraph of this article.

Guidance. When Yield Here to Pedestrians signs are provided in advance of a crosswalk across an multi-lane approach, parking should be prohibited in the area between the yield line and the crosswalk.

Yield lines and Yield Here to Pedestrians signs should not be used in advance of crosswalks that cross an approach to or departure from a roundabout.

Option. A Pedestrian Crossing (W11-2) warning sign may be placed overhead or may be post-mounted with a diagonal downward-pointing arrow (W16-7P) plaque at the crosswalk location where Yield Here to Pedestrians signs have been installed in advance of the crosswalk.

Standard. If a W11-2 sign is post-mounted at the crosswalk location where a Yield Here to Pedestrians sign is used on the approach, the Yield Here to Pedestrians sign shall not be placed on the same post as the W11-2 sign.

Option. An advance Pedestrian Crossing (W11-2) warning sign with an AHEAD or a distance supplemental plaque may be used in conjunction with a Yield Here to Pedestrians sign on the approach to the same crosswalk.

In-Street Pedestrian Crossing signs and Yield Here to Pedestrians signs may be used together at the same crosswalk.

903.2.19 In-Street Pedestrian and Trail Crossing Signs (R1-6 Series) (MUTCD Section 2B.20)

R1-6	R1-6d
Note: The legend STATE LAW is optional

Option. The In-Street Pedestrian Crossing (R1-6) sign, In-Street Trail Crossing (R1-6d) sign, may be used to remind road users of laws regarding right-of-way at an unsignalized crosswalk. The legend STATE LAW may be displayed at the top of the R1-6 series signs if applicable. On the R1-6 series signs, the legend YIELD may be used instead of the appropriate YIELD sign symbol.

MoDOT may develop and apply criteria for determining the applicability of In-Street Pedestrian Crossing signs.

Standard. If used, In-Street Pedestrian or Trail Crossing signs shall only be placed in the roadway at the crosswalk location on a raised island.

The In-Street Pedestrian or Trail Crossing sign shall not be post-mounted on the left-hand or right-hand side of the roadway.

Support. EPG 620.8.2 contains information about the use of tubular markers to provide additional emphasis for a pedestrian crossing.

Standard. When used at an uncontrolled crossing, the In-Street Pedestrian Crossing sign shall be used only as a supplement to a Pedestrian Crossing (W11-2) warning sign with a diagonal downward-pointing arrow (W16-7P) plaque at the crosswalk location.

When used at an uncontrolled crossing, the In-Street Trail Crossing sign shall be used only as a supplement to a Trail Crossing (W11-15) warning sign with a diagonal downward-pointing arrow (W16-7P) plaque at the crosswalk location.

An In-Street or Trail Crossing sign shall not be placed in advance of the crosswalk to educate road users about the State law prior to reaching the crosswalk, nor shall it be installed as an educational display that is not near any crosswalk.

Option. In-Street Pedestrian or Trail Crossing signs may be mounted back-to-back on a raised island in the median of an undivided roadway.

Standard. The In-Street Pedestrian or Trail Crossing sign shall not be used at crosswalks on approaches controlled by a traffic control signal, pedestrian hybrid beacon, or an emergency-vehicle hybrid beacon.

Option. The In-Street Pedestrian or Trail Crossing sign may be used at intersections or midblock pedestrian crossings with flashing beacons.

Support. The provisions of EPG 903.1.15 concerning mounting height are not applicable for the In-Street Pedestrian Crossing sign. EPG 903.1.18 contains information about sign mounting methods.

Standard. The top of an In-Street Pedestrian or Trail Crossing sign placed in an island shall be a maximum of 4 feet above the island surface.

Option. The In-Street Pedestrian Crossing or Trail Crossing signs may be used seasonally to prevent damage in winter because of plowing operations, and may be removed at night if the pedestrian activity at night is minimal.

903.2.20 Speed Limit Sign (R2-1) (MUTCD Section 2B.21)

R2-1

Support. In general, the maximum speed limits applicable to roads are established:

A. Statutorily – a maximum speed limit applicable to a particular class of road, such as freeways or city streets, that is established by State law; or

B. As speed zones – based on engineering studies.

State statutory limits restrict the maximum speed limit that can be established on a particular road, notwithstanding what an engineering study might indicate. Maximum speed limits in Missouri are governed by the Missouri Revised Statutes, Section 304.010.

MoDOT can establish non-statutory speed limits or designate reduced speed zones using an engineering study. Setting appropriate speed limits is especially important to ensure safety for all road users in varying types of contexts, particularly on roadways where adjacent land use suggests that trips could be served by varied modes. These situations include urban and suburban non-freeway arterials or rural arterials that serve as main streets in smaller communities, consistent with the context classifications of urban core, urban, suburban, and rural towns found in “A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets,” 2018 Edition, AASHTO. When setting a speed limit, a range of factors such as land-use context, pedestrian and bicyclist activity, crash history, intersection spacing, driveway density, roadway geometry, roadside conditions, roadway functional classification, traffic volume, and observed speeds can influence the speed limit determined in the engineering study. The engineering study will determine which of the recommended factors will prevail in setting the speed limit.

MoDOT can use speed limit setting tools and methods such as expert systems and those consistent with the safe system approach as part of the required engineering study for a non-statutory speed limit. As speed limit setting tools vary, practitioners needs to be aware of their limitations and advantages, possible variation between the tools and the need to explore gaps or weaknesses of tools, and weigh the output accordingly in consideration of setting speed limits.

To achieve desired operating speeds, agencies often implement other speed management strategies concurrently with setting speed limits, such as traffic calming measures, geometric design features, and increased enforcement. See EPG 905.2.14 for more information regarding speed limit guidelines.

Standard. Speed zones (other than statutory speed limits) shall only be established on the basis of an engineering study that has been performed in accordance with traffic engineering practices. The engineering study shall consider the roadway context.

Guidance. Among the factors that should be considered when conducting an engineering study for establishing or reevaluating speed limits within speed zones are the following:

A. Roadway environment (such as roadside development, number and frequency of driveways and access points, and land use), functional classification, public transit volume and location or frequency of stops, parking practices, and pedestrian and bicycle facilities and activity;

B. Roadway characteristics (such as lane widths, shoulder condition, grade, alignment, median type, and sight distance);

C. Geographic context (such as an urban district, rural town center, non-urbanized rural area, or suburban area), and multi-modal trip generation;

D. Reported crash experience for at least a 12-month period;

E. Speed distribution of free-flowing vehicles including the pace, median (50th-percentile), and 85th-percentile speeds; and

F. A review of past speed studies to identify any trends in operating speeds.

When the 85th-percentile speed is appreciably greater than the posted speed limit, and the roadway context does not support setting a higher speed limit, the engineering study should consider whether changes to geometric features, enforcement, and/or other speed-reduction countermeasures might improve compliance with the posted speed limit. A similar approach should be used if the results of past speed studies indicate that the 85th-percentile speed has consistently increased.

On urban and suburban arterials, and on rural arterials that serve as main streets through developed areas of communities, the 85th-percentile speed should not be used to set speed limits without consideration of all factors described in the first Guidance paragraph of this article.

On a freeway, expressway, or rural highway (outside urbanized locations or conditions), the speed limit that is posted within a speed zone should be within 5 mph of the 85th-percentile speed of free-flowing motor-vehicle traffic under the following conditions:

A. All factors described in the first Guidance paragraph of this article have been considered and determined to be non-mitigating, and

B. The measures described in the second Guidance paragraph of this article have been considered to the extent practicable.

See EPG 905.2.14 for additional information regarding setting speed limits

MoDOT should conduct engineering studies to reevaluate non-statutory speed limits on segments of their roadways that have undergone significant changes since the last review (such as changes to roadway context, the addition or elimination of parking or driveways, changes in the number of travel lanes, changes in the configuration of bicycle lanes, changes to road geometrics, changes in traffic control signal coordination, or significant changes in traffic volumes).

Speed studies for signalized intersection approaches should be taken outside the influence area of the traffic control signal, which is generally considered to be approximately ½ mile, to avoid obtaining skewed results for the speed distribution. If the signal spacing is less than 1 mile, the speed study should be at approximately the middle of the segment.

Standard. The Speed Limit (R2-1) sign shall display the limit established by law, ordinance, regulation, or as adopted by the authorized agency based on an engineering study. The speed limits displayed shall be in multiples of 5 mph.

Speed Limit (R2-1) signs, indicating speed limits for which posting is required by law, shall be located at the points of change from one speed limit to another.

At the downstream end of the section to which a particular speed limit applies, a Speed Limit sign showing the next speed limit shall be installed.

Speed Limit signs indicating the statutory speed limits shall be installed at entrances to Missouri and at city limits, where appropriate.

Guidance. Additional Speed Limit signs should be installed beyond interchanges and major intersections and at other locations where it is necessary to remind road users of the speed limit that is applicable.

Speed Limit signs should not be located at curves or other locations where the legal speed limit is greater than the safe operating speed. If Speed Limit signs are installed on the same sign supports and above a City Limit sign, the sign supports should be sized to properly support both signs.

The following are recommended locations for posting a Speed Limit sign:

A. Downstream from all acceleration ramps on the freeway/expressway system, posted after the route confirmation marker, if space allows;

B. Downstream from major intersections such as state system junctions, signalized intersections, and major county road junctions;

C. Where it is necessary to remind road users of the speed limit that is applicable;

D. In each direction of travel for road users leaving the Interstate system onto a state route. The sign should be located, if practical, approximately 400 ft. beyond the route confirmation assembly. If the crossroad is not located on the state system, the proper jurisdiction should be notified; or

E. When the speed limit is reduced on the freeway/expressway, an additional sign should be posted in the median.

Support. The “Traffic Control Devices Handbook – 2nd Edition, 2013, ITE.” contains suggested criteria on the spacing of speed limit signs.

EPG 903.3.32 contains information about the use of speed zone signs to inform road users of a reduced or variable speed zone to provide advance notice to comply with the posted speed limit ahead.

Option. If a W3-5b sign is posted to provide notice of a variable speed zone, an END VARIABLE SPEED LIMIT (R2-13) sign may be installed at the downstream end of the zone to provide notice to road users of the termination of the speed zone.

Advance traffic control warning signs (see EPG 903.2.29), intersection warning signs (see EPG 903.3.33), and/or other traffic control devices are appropriate warning prior to a signalized intersection. A Speed Limit sign should not be used for this purpose.

Guidance. An advisory speed plaque (see EPG 903.3.59) mounted below a warning sign should be used to warn road users of an advisory speed for a roadway condition. A Speed Limit sign should not be used for this purpose.

Option. A variable speed limit sign that changes the speed limit for traffic and ambient conditions may be installed provided that the appropriate speed limit is displayed at the proper times and locations in accordance with the third and fourth Guidance paragraphs of this article.

Standard. The variable speed limit sign legend “SPEED LIMIT” shall be a black legend on a white retroreflective background. The variable speed limit legend shall be displayed in white LEDs on an opaque black background.

Support. EPG 903.3.13 contains information about the use of a Vehicle Speed Feedback plaque mounted below a Speed Limit sign that displays to approaching drivers the speed at which they are traveling.

Advisory speed signs and plaques are discussed in EPG 903.3.12 and 903.3.59. Temporary traffic control zone speed signs are discussed in EPG 616. The WORK ZONE (G20-5aP) plaque intended for installation above a Speed Limit sign is discussed in EPG 616.7.7. School Speed Limit signs are discussed in EPG 908.2.5. 

903.2.21 Combined Maximum and Minimum Speed Limits Sign (R2-4a) (MUTCD Section 2B.24)

R2-4a

Standard. Combined Maximum and Minimum Speed Limits (R2-4a) signs shall be installed only on interstate routes in lieu of Speed Limit (R2-1) signs to designate the maximum and minimum speed limits that apply.

Guidance. The Combined Maximum and Minimum Speed Limits sign should be located in the same manner as Speed Limit signs (See EPG 903.2.9). Additionally, the R2-4a sign should be installed on interstate routes at entrances to Missouri and where interstate routes cross county lines.

903.2.22 Speed Limit XX Except Where Posted Sign (R2-5d)

R2-5d

Standard. The SPEED LIMIT XX EXCEPT WHERE POSTED (R2-5d) sign shall be installed only at locations where it has been requested and is required by an enabling ordinance.

Guidance. The SPEED LIMIT XX EXCEPT WHERE POSTED sign should be placed immediately to the right of the City Limit sign on its own post.

Option. The SPEED LIMIT XX EXCEPT WHERE POSTED sign may be used on all state highways and outer roads except the Interstate system.

903.2.23 Higher Fines Signs and Plaque (MUTCD Section 2B.25)

Support. See EPG 907.3 for information on Travel Safe Zones.

903.2.24 Movement Prohibition Signs (R3-1 through R3-4, R3-18, and R3-27) (MUTCD Section 2B.26)

R3-1

R3-2

R3-3

R3-4

R3-18

R3-27

Standard. Movement Prohibition signs shall be installed where specific movements are prohibited at an intersection approach except as provided in the second Option and fourth Standard paragraphs of this article.

Support. Missouri Statute 304.341, which governs U-turn Movements at signalized intersections, states: It shall be unlawful for the driver of any vehicle to turn such vehicle so as to proceed in the opposite direction at any intersection controlled by a traffic signal or police officer; nor shall such turn be made at any place unless the movement can be made in safety and without interfering with other traffic.

Missouri Statute 304.120 allows municipalities, by ordinance, to make additional rules of the road or traffic regulations to meet their needs and traffic conditions, which would allow U-turn Movements to be permitted at certain unsignalized intersections.

Guidance. Movement Prohibition signs should only be used to prohibit a turn or through movement from an entire approach and should not be used to designate movements that are required or permitted from a specific lane or lanes on a multi-lane approach.

Movement Prohibition signs should be placed where they will be most easily seen by road users who might be intending to make the movement.

If a No Right Turn (R3-1) sign is used, at least one should be placed either over the roadway or at a right-hand corner of the intersection.

If a No Left Turn (R3-2) sign is used, at least one should be placed over the roadway, at the far left corner of the intersection, on a median, or in conjunction with the STOP sign or YIELD sign located on the near right corner.

Except as provided in Item C of the third Standard paragraph of this article for signalized locations, if a NO TURNS (R3-3) sign is used, two signs should be used, one at a location specified for a No Right Turn sign and one at a location specified for a No Left Turn sign.

If a No U-Turn (R3-4) sign or a combination No U or Left Turn (R3-18) sign is used, at least one should be used at a location specified for a No Left Turn sign.

The No U-Turn sign (R3-4) should be used sparingly and only where a specific problem has been documented and not as standard practice for median breaks. If used, these signs should be placed at or between intersections to indicate where U-turns are prohibited.

If both left turns and U-turns are prohibited, the combination No U or Left Turn (R3-18) sign should be used instead of separate R3-2 and R3-4 signs.

Standard. The No U-Turn sign shall be installed above the AUTHORIZED AND EMERGENCY VEHICLES ONLY (R5-29) sign (See EPG 903.2.36).

Support. EPG 903.2.25 through EPG 903.2.28 contain information regarding lane control signs that indicate the required or permitted movements from individual lanes.

Guidance. If a No Straight Through (R3-27) sign is used, at least one should be placed either over the roadway or at a location where it can be seen by road users who might be intending to travel straight through the intersection.

If turn prohibition signs are installed in conjunction with traffic control signals:

A. The No Right Turn sign should be installed adjacent to a signal face viewed by road users in the right-hand lane.

B. The No Left Turn (or No U-Turn or combination No U or Left Turn) sign should be installed adjacent to a signal face viewed by road users in the left-hand lane.

C. A NO TURNS sign should be placed adjacent to a signal face viewed by all road users on that approach, or two signs should be used.

Option. If turn prohibition signs are installed in conjunction with traffic control signals, an additional turn prohibition sign may be post-mounted to supplement the sign mounted overhead.

Where ONE WAY signs are used (see EPG 903.2.40), No Left Turn and No Right Turn signs may be omitted.

Where the movement restriction applies to certain vehicle classes, signs incorporating a supplementary legend, modified as appropriate, may be used to indicate the specific vehicle class restriction or exception. When the movement restriction applies during certain time periods only, the following Movement Prohibition signing alternatives may be used and are listed in order of preference:

A. A blank-out or changeable message sign (see Chapter 2L) that displays the prohibited movement only during the time that the movement prohibition is applicable, especially at signalized intersections.

B. Permanently-mounted signs incorporating a supplementary legend showing the hours and days during which the prohibition is applicable. Contact the Highway Safety and Traffic Division for the design of supplementary legends and plaques.

C. Portable signs, installed by proper authority, located off the roadway at each corner of the intersection. The portable signs are only to be used during the time that the movement prohibition is applicable.

Standard. The blank-out part-time electronic-display Movement Prohibition sign shall consist of a red circle and diagonal with a white prohibited movement on an opaque black background.

Option. Movement Prohibition signs may be omitted at a ramp entrance to an expressway or a channelized intersection where the design is such as to indicate clearly the one-way traffic movement on the ramp or turning lane.

Standard. The No Left Turn (R3-2) sign, the No U-Turn (R3-4) sign, and the combination No U or Left Turn (R3-18) sign shall not be used at approaches to roundabouts to prohibit drivers from turning left onto the circulatory roadway of a roundabout.

Support. At roundabouts, the use of R3-2, R3-4, or R3-18 signs to prohibit left turns onto the circulatory roadway might confuse drivers about the possible legal turning movements around the roundabout. ONE WAY (R6-1 or R6-2) signs are appropriate to indicate the travel direction within a roundabout.

903.2.25 Intersection Lane Control Signs (R3-5 through R3-8) (MUTCD Section 2B.27)

Standard. Intersection Lane Control signs, if used, shall require road users in certain lanes to turn, shall permit turns from a lane where such turns would otherwise not be permitted, shall require a road user to stay in the same lane and proceed straight through an intersection, or shall indicate permitted movements from a lane.

Intersection Lane Control signs shall not be used in lieu of turn prohibition signs, such as No Right-Turn (R3-1).

Support. Intersection Lane Control signs have three applications:

A. Mandatory Movement Lane Control (R3-5 series and R3-7 series) signs,

B. Optional Movement Lane Control (R3-6 series) signs, and

C. Advance Intersection Lane Control (R3-8 series) signs.

Guidance. When Intersection Lane Control signs are mounted overhead, each sign used should be placed over the lane or a projection of the lane to which it applies.

On signalized approaches where through lanes that become mandatory turn lanes, multiple-lane turns that include shared lanes for through and turning movements, ramps with two or more lanes or other lane-use regulations are present that would be unexpected by unfamiliar road users, overhead Intersection Lane Control signs should be installed approximately 250 ft. in advance of the stop bar over the appropriate lanes. A one-arm cantilever tubular truss to support these signs should be used to eliminate an obstacle on one side of the roadway.

Option. A signal mast arm design (without signal head) may be used to mount Intersection Lane Control signs, which allows a longer arm than standard one or two arm tubular sign supports. The upright post may be placed on either side of the roadway, and if possible, placed so that roadway geometrics draw traffic away from the post and footing.

Guidance. The Left Only (R3-5L) sign should be installed on the back side of the mast arms over the left turn lanes where practical.

Where overhead mounting on the approach is impracticable for the Advance and/or Intersection Lane Control signs, one of the following alternatives should be employed:

A. At locations where through lanes become mandatory turn lanes, a Mandatory Movement Lane Control (R3-7) sign should be post-mounted on the left-hand side of the roadway where a through lane is becoming a mandatory left-turn lane on a one-way street or where a median of sufficient width for the signs is available, or on the right-hand side of the roadway where a through lane is becoming a mandatory right-turn lane.

B. At locations where a through lane is becoming a mandatory left-turn lane on a two-way street where a median of sufficient width for the signs is not available, and at locations where multiple-lane turns that include shared lanes for through and turning movements are present, an Advance Intersection Lane Control (R3-8 series) sign should be post-mounted in a prominent location in advance of the intersection, and consideration should be given to the use of an oversized version in accordance with Table 903.2.3.

Use of an overhead sign for one approach lane should not require installation of overhead signs for the other lanes of that approach.

Option. Intersection Lane Control signs may be omitted where:

A. A turn bay has been provided by physical construction or pavement markings, and

B. Only the road users using such turn bays are permitted to make a turn in that direction.

Standard. Except as provided in the last paragraph of this article, at roundabouts, Intersection Lane Control (R3-5, R3-6, and R3-8 series) signs shall display curved-stem arrow symbols as shown in Figure 903.2.25.

Option. Normal-stem arrow symbol options may be displayed on Intersection Lane Control (R3-5, R3-6, and R3-8 series) signs at roundabouts where they more effectively indicate road geometry based on engineering judgment.

Figure 903.2.25 Intersection Lane Control Signal Arrow Options for Roundabouts

903.2.26 Mandatory Movement Lane Control Signs (R3-5, R3-5a, and R3-7) and Plaques (MUTCD Section 2B.28)

R3-5

R3-5a

R3-7L

R3-7R

Standard. Mandatory Movement Lane Control (R3-5, R3-5a, and R3-7) signs, if used, shall indicate only the single vehicle movement that is required from the lane.

The Mandatory Movement Lane Control (R3-5 and R3-5a) symbol signs shall include the legend ONLY and shall be mounted overhead over the specific lanes to which they apply (see EPG 903.2.25). The R3-7 sign shall be for post-mounting only. The R3-7 sign shall not be mounted at the far side of the intersection.

If used, the Mandatory Movement Lane Control (R3-7) sign shall be located in advance of the intersection, such as near the upstream end of the mandatory movement lane, and/or at the near side of the intersection where the regulation applies.

The use of the Mandatory Movement Lane Control (R3-7) word message sign shall be limited to only locations where through lanes approaching an intersection become mandatory turn lanes.

Mandatory Movement Lane Control Signs shall not be used on roadways with speed limits 50 mph or greater. Contact Highway Safety and Traffic Division for alternatives when speed limits are 50 mph or greater.

Guidance. Mandatory Movement Lane Control signs should be accompanied by lane-use arrow markings, especially where traffic volumes are high, where there is a high percentage of commercial vehicles, or where other distractions exist.

Option. The Through Only (R3-5a) sign may be used to require a road user in a particular lane to proceed straight through an intersection.

On an approach to a mandatory turn lane where traffic regularly enters the shoulder to access the turn lane inappropriately, creating safety or operational issues, a DO NOT DRIVE ON SHOULDER (R4-17) sign (see EPG 903.2.35) may be used to supplement the standard Mandatory Movement Lane Control (R3-5 and/or R3-7 series) signs.

903.2.27 Optional Movement Lane Control Signs (R3-6 Series) (MUTCD Section 2B.29)

R3-6

R3-6a

R3-6b

Standard. Optional Movement Lane Control (R3-6, R3-6a and R3-6b) signs, if used, shall be used for two or more movements from a specific lane or to emphasize permitted movements. The Optional Movement Lane Control sign shall be mounted overhead over the specific lane to which it applies.

If used, the Optional Movement Lane Control signs shall indicate all permissible movements from specific lanes.

Because more than one movement is permitted from the lane, the word message ONLY shall not be used on an Optional Movement Lane Control sign.

Optional Movement Lane Control signs shall be used for two or more movements from a specific lane where a movement, not allowed by State statute or local ordinance, is permitted.

The Optional Movement Lane Control signs shall not be used alone to effect a turn prohibition.

Guidance. If used, the Optional Movement Lane Control sign should be located overhead in advance of the intersection, such as near the upstream end of an adjacent mandatory movement lane, and/or overhead at the intersection where the regulation applies.

903.2.28 Advance Intersection Lane Control Signs (R3-8 Series) (MUTCD Section 2B.30)

R3-8	R3-8a	R3-8b
R3-8xa	R3-8xb	R3-8xc

Option. Advance Intersection Lane Control (R3-8, R3-8a, and R3-8b) signs may be used to indicate the configuration of all lanes ahead.

The word message ONLY or the bicycle symbol, may be used within the border in combination with the arrow symbols of the R3-8 sign series.

Where a bicycle lane is between two general-purpose lanes the R3-8 series signs may be modified to show the bicycle lane with a white legend on a black background in accordance with designs of the R3-8x series signs (see EPG 914.2.2).

Guidance. When used, an Advance Intersection Lane Control sign should be placed at an adequate distance in advance of the intersection, either along the lane tapers or at the beginning of the turn lane so that road users can select the appropriate lane.

Option. An Advance Intersection Lane Control sign may be repeated closer to the intersection along the approach for additional emphasis.

Standard. An Advance Intersection Lane Control (R3-8 series) sign shall not be mounted at the far side of an intersection to which it applies.

Where three or more approach lanes are available to traffic, Advance Intersection Lane Control (R3-8 series) signs, if used, shall be post-mounted in advance of the intersection and shall not be mounted overhead.

903.2.29 Two-Way Left-Turn-Only Signs (R3-9a and R3-9b) and Plaques (MUTCD Section 2B.32)

R3-9a

R3-9b

Support. Missouri Statute 300.215, which governs two-way left turn lane movements states:

Designated two-way left turn lanes: Where a special lane for making left turns by drivers proceeding in opposite directions have been indicated by official traffic control devices:

A. A left turn shall not be made from any other lane;

B. A vehicle shall not be driven in the lane except when preparing for or making a left turn from or into the roadway or when preparing for or making a U-turn when otherwise permitted by law;

C. A vehicle shall not be driven in the lane for a distance more than five hundred feet.

Standard. Two-Way Left Turn Only (R3-9a) signs shall be used for overhead installation only. Center Lane Only (R3-9b) signs shall be post mounted installations.

Guidance. A Two-Way Left-Turn-Only (R3-9a or R3-9b) sign should be used in conjunction with the required pavement markings where a non-reversible lane is reserved for the exclusive use of left-turning vehicles in either direction and is not used for passing, overtaking, or through travel.

Option. The post-mounted R3-9b sign may be used as an alternate to or a supplement to the overhead R3-9a sign

Additional R3-9b signs may be installed after major intersections, or in situations that require additional emphasis of the proper use of this lane.

Support. Signing is especially helpful to drivers in areas where the two-way left-turn-only maneuver is new, in areas subject to environmental conditions that frequently obscure the pavement markings, and on peripheral streets with two-way left-turn-only lanes leading to an extensive system of routes with two-way left-turn-only lanes.

903.2.30 Jughandle Signs (R3-23, R3-24, R3-25, and R3-26 Series) (MUTCD Section 2B.35)

Guidance. There are limited cases where these signs are applicable to the MoDOT system. Any use of these signs requires authorization from the Highway Safety and Traffic Division.

903.2.31 DO NOT PASS Sign (R4-1) (MUTCD Section 2B.36)

R4-1

Option. The DO NOT PASS (R4-1) sign may be used in addition to pavement markings (see EPG 620.2.3) to emphasize the restriction on passing. The DO NOT PASS sign may be used at one-lane bridges and work zones. Any other use of this sign requires authorization from the Highway Safety and Traffic Division.

Support. Standards for determining the location and extent of no-passing zone pavement markings are set forth in EPG 620.2.3.

Standard. PASS WITH CARE (R4-2) signs shall be used in conjunction with the DO NOT PASS sign.

903.2.32 PASS WITH CARE Sign (R4-2) (MUTCD Section 2B.37)

R4-2

Guidance. The PASS WITH CARE (R4-2) sign should be installed at the downstream end of a no-passing zone if a DO NOT PASS sign has been installed at the upstream end of the zone.

Standard. The PASS WITH CARE sign shall be the same size and shall be erected in the same manner as the DO NOT PASS (R4-1) sign.

903.2.33 KEEP RIGHT EXCEPT TO PASS Sign (R4-16) and SLOWER TRAFFIC KEEP RIGHT Sign (R4-3) (MUTCD Section 2B.38)

R4-3

R4-16

Option. The KEEP RIGHT EXCEPT TO PASS (R4-16) sign may be used on roadways where there are two lanes in one direction of travel to direct drivers to stay in the right-hand lane except when they are passing another vehicle.

Guidance. If used, the KEEP RIGHT EXCEPT TO PASS sign should be installed at or just beyond the beginning of a two-lane section of roadway and at selected locations along two-lane roadways where additional emphasis is needed.

Option. The SLOWER TRAFFIC KEEP RIGHT (R4-3) sign may be used on multi-lane through roadways to improve capacity or reduce unnecessary lane changing due to the presence of slower vehicles that impede the normal flow of traffic.

Standard. The SLOWER TRAFFIC KEEP RIGHT (R4-3) sign shall be required for climbing lanes.

Guidance. If used, the SLOWER TRAFFIC KEEP RIGHT sign should be installed at or just beyond the beginning of a multi-lane roadway section or at the beginning of an extra lane provided for trucks and/or other slow-moving traffic, and at selected locations where there is a tendency on the part of some road users to drive in the left-hand lane(or lanes) below the normal speed of traffic. These signs should not be used on the approach to an interchange or through an interchange area where traffic is entering or exiting, or along deceleration or acceleration lanes.

If an extra lane has been provided for trucks and other slow-moving traffic, a Lane Ends sign (see EPG 903.3.39) should be installed in advance of the point where the extra lane ends. Appropriate pavement markings should be installed at both the upstream and downstream ends of the extra lane (see EPG 620.2.14 and Figure 620.2.14 ).

903.2.34 Keep Right and Keep Left Signs (R4-7 Series and R4-8 Series) (MUTCD Section 2B.39)

R4-7	R4-7a	R4-7b	R4-7c
R4-8	R4-8a	R4-8b	R4-8c

Option. The Keep Right (R4-7) sign may be used at locations where it is necessary for traffic to pass only to the right-hand side of a roadway feature or obstruction. The Keep Left (R4-8) sign may be used at locations where it is necessary for traffic to pass only to the left-hand side of a roadway feature or obstruction.

Guidance. At locations where it is not readily apparent that traffic is required to keep to the right, a Keep Right sign should be used.

Standard. If Keep Right signs are installed at the start of a median or at a median opening, they shall be placed as close as practicable to the approach ends of the medians, and shall be visible to traffic on the divided highway.

Guidance. If used, the Keep Right sign should be mounted on the face of or just in front of a pier or other obstruction separating opposite directions of traffic in the center of the highway such that traffic will have to pass to the right-hand side of the sign.

Where the approach end of the island channelizes traffic away from the approach direction, the word legend (R4-7a, R4-7b, R4-8a, or R4-8b) signs should be used instead of the symbol (R4-7 or R4-8) signs to emphasize the degree of curvature away from the approach direction (see Figure 903.2.34.1 ).

Where a two-lane, two-way highway transitions to a divided highway, the KEEP RIGHT (R4-7b) sign should be installed within 50 ft. of the gore point, if possible. The edge of the sign should be a minimum of 6 ft. from the curb or shoulder point.

Standard. The Keep Right (Left) sign shall not be installed on the right-hand (left-hand) side of the roadway in a position where traffic must pass to the left-hand (right-hand) side of the sign.

Option. The Keep Right sign may be omitted at intermediate ends of divisional islands and medians.

A narrow Keep Right (R4-7c) sign may be installed on the approach end of a median island that is less than 4 feet wide at the point where the sign is to be located.

Standard. A narrow Keep Right (R4-7c) sign shall not be installed on a median island that has a width of 4 feet or more at the point where the sign is to be located.

Option. The Keep Right sign may be installed in the median of a divided highway crossing that functions as a single intersection such that it is visible to traffic on the divided highway as shown in Figure 903.2.41.3 and Figure 903.2.41.4 .

Support. EPG 903.2.40 provides more information about the use of the Keep Right sign in combination with or in lieu of ONE-WAY signs at divided highway crossings.

Standard. The KEEP RIGHT (R4-7b) sign shall be installed as close to the median nose as possible where an undivided highway transitions into a divided highway.

Figure 903.2.34.1 Examples of Keep Right and Keep Left Sign Placement (Sheet 1 of 2)

Figure 903.2.34.2 Examples of Keep Right and Keep Left Sign Placement (Sheet 2 of 2)

903.2.35 DO NOT DRIVE ON SHOULDER Sign (R4-17) (MUTCD Section 2B.43)

R4-17

Option. The DO NOT DRIVE ON SHOULDER (R4-17) sign may be installed to inform road users that using the shoulder of a roadway as a travel lane is prohibited.

Guidance. The DO NOT DRIVE ON SHOULDER (R4-17) sign should be considered for special conditions if there is a need determined by district traffic engineering staff. The sign should be considered as a temporary tool to aid in the enforcement of the condition. After it appears the problem has been corrected, these signs should be removed.

Support. The R4-17 sign is to be used only where necessary. MoDOT does not want to set driver expectations for general use of this sign.

903.2.36 Selective Exclusion Signs and Plaques (MUTCD Section 2B.45)

R5-2

R5-2aP

R5-25

R5-29

Option. Selective Exclusion signs may be used to provide notice to road users that State or local statutes or ordinances exclude designated types of traffic from using particular roadways or facilities.

Standard. Selective Exclusion signs shall clearly indicate the type of traffic that is excluded.

Support. Typical exclusion messages include:

A. No Trucks (R5-2),

B. No Pedestrian Crossing (R9-3),

C. EXCEPT LOCAL DELIVERY (R5-2aP) plaque.

D. NO VENDING (R5-24)

E. NO FISHING FROM BRIDGE (R5-25)

F. AUTHORIZED AND EMERGENCY VEHICLES ONLY (R5-29)

Guidance. If an exclusion is governed by vehicle weight, a Weight Limit sign (see EPG 903.2.53) should be used instead of a Selective Exclusion sign.

The Selective Exclusion sign should be placed on the right-hand side of the roadway at an appropriate distance from the intersection so as to be clearly visible to all road users turning into the roadway that has the exclusion. The No Pedestrian Crossing (R9-3) sign (see EPG 903.2.46) should be installed so as to be clearly visible to pedestrians who are at a location where an alternative route is available.

Option. The No Pedestrian Crossing (R9-3) sign may also be used at underpasses or elsewhere where pedestrian facilities are not provided.

The EXCEPT LOCAL DELIVERY (R5-2aP) plaque may be mounted below the R5-2 sign.

The NO VENDING (R5-24) sign may be used at locations where vending is taking place within the right-of-way.

Standard. When used, the NO FISHING FROM BRIDGE (R5-25) sign shall be mounted at or near the bridge ends.

Option. The NO FISHING FROM BRIDGE (R5-25) sign may be used at locations where fishing from a bridge creates a safety hazard.

Guidance. The AUTHORIZED AND EMERGENCY VEHICLES ONLY (R5-29) sign should be used at emergency crossovers to prohibit vehicles from using the emergency crossover unless they have special permission (such as law enforcement vehicles or emergency vehicles) or are performing official business (such as highway agency vehicles).

The No U Turn sign should be installed above the AUTHORIZED AND EMERGENCY VEHICLES ONLY sign.

Signing for both directions of traffic should be provided on one post with the signs being installed 90 degrees to the roadway. The signs should be mounted back to back. The post should be located approximately in the middle of the median. If median width is greater than 60 ft., consideration should be given to install separate signs.

903.2.37 DO NOT ENTER Sign (R5-1) (MUTCD Section 2B.46)

R5-1

Standard. The DO NOT ENTER (R5-1) sign shall be used at the following locations:

A. Where a two-way roadway becomes a one-way roadway;

B. The intersection of an interchange exit ramp with a crossroad as specified in EPG 903.2.39 (see Figure 903.2.39.1);

C. The intersection of a channelized or turning roadway with a two-way undivided crossroad; and

D. Except as provided in the fourth paragraph of this article, an intersection with a divided highway (see Figure 903.2.37).

If the DO NOT ENTER sign is mounted behind a STOP or YIELD sign:

A. 36 x 36 inch DO NOT ENTER sign shall be used behind a 48 x 48 inch STOP sign; and

B. 30 x 30 inch. DO NOT ENTER sign shall be used behind a 60 x 60 inch YIELD sign.

Guidance. A DO NOT ENTER sign should be installed at other locations where additional emphasis is needed where wrong-way movements are prominent or where the intersecting angle of roadways is such that the visibility of ONE WAY signs alone does not sufficiently convey the restriction.

Option. A DO NOT ENTER sign may be omitted on a low-speed urban street that is a divided highway at a crossing that functions as two separate intersections.

Guidance. The DO NOT ENTER sign, if used, should be placed directly in view of a road user at the point where a road user could wrongly enter a divided highway, one-way roadway, or ramp. The sign should be mounted facing traffic that might enter the roadway or ramp in the wrong direction.

At a crossing with a divided highway; the sign, if used, should be placed on the outside edge side of the roadway facing traffic that might enter the roadway in the wrong direction.

If the DO NOT ENTER sign would be visible to traffic to which it does not apply, the sign should be turned away from, or shielded from, the view of that traffic.

A second DO NOT ENTER sign should be used, particularly where traffic approaches from an intersecting roadway (Figure 903.2.37).

EPG 903.1.12 contains the provisions for the use of continuously-operated or actuated LEDs to enhance the conspicuity of signs.

Figure 903.2.37 Locations of DO NOT ENTER and WRONG WAY Signing for Divided Highway Crossings that Function as Two Separate Intersections

903.2.38 WRONG WAY Sign (R5-1a) (MUTCD Section 2B.47)

R5-1a

Option. The WRONG WAY (R5-1a) sign may be used as a supplement to the DO NOT ENTER sign where a crossroad intersects a one-way roadway in a manner that does not physically discourage or prevent wrong-way entry (see Figure 903.2.37).

Guidance. If used, the WRONG WAY sign should be placed at a location along the one-way roadway farther from the crossroad than the DO NOT ENTER sign (see EPG 903.2.37).

The WRONG WAY sign should be placed on the same side of the road as the DO NOT ENTER sign.

Support. EPG 903.1.12 contains the provisions for the use of continuously-operated or actuated LEDs to enhance the conspicuity of signs.

903.2.39 Wrong-Way Traffic Control at Interchange Ramps (MUTCD Section 2B.48)

Standard. At interchange exit ramp terminals where the ramp intersects a crossroad in such a manner that wrong-way entry could inadvertently be made, the following signs shall be used (see Figure 903.2.39.1):

A. At least one ONE WAY sign for each direction of travel on the crossroad shall be placed where the exit ramp intersects the crossroad.

B. At least one DO NOT ENTER sign shall be conspicuously placed near the downstream end of the exit ramp in positions appropriate for full view of a road user starting to enter wrongly from the crossroad.

C. At least one WRONG WAY sign shall be placed on the exit ramp facing a road user traveling in the wrong direction.

Guidance. In addition, the following pavement markings should be used (see Figure 903.2.39.1):

A. On two-lane paved crossroads at interchanges, solid double yellow lines should be used as a center line for an adequate distance on both sides approaching the ramp intersections.

B. Where crossroad channelization or ramp geometrics do not make wrong-way movements difficult, a lane-use arrow should be placed in each lane of an exit ramp near the crossroad terminal where it will be clearly visible to a potential wrong-way road user.

Option. The following traffic control devices may be used to supplement the signs and pavement markings described in the first and second paragraphs of this article:

A. Additional ONE WAY signs may be placed, especially on two-lane rural crossroads, appropriately in advance of the ramp intersection to supplement the required ONE WAY sign(s).

B. Additional WRONG WAY signs may be used.

C. Slender, elongated wrong-way arrow pavement markings (see Figure 620.2.22.1) intended primarily to warn wrong-way road users that they are traveling in the wrong direction may be placed upstream from the ramp terminus (see Figure 903.2.39.1 ) to indicate the correct direction of traffic flow. Wrong-way arrow pavement markings may also be placed on the exit ramp at appropriate locations near the crossroad junction to indicate wrong-way movement.

D. Lane-use arrow pavement markings may be placed on the exit ramp and crossroad near their intersection to indicate the permissive direction of flow.

E. Lane control signs or movement prohibition signs may be used on the approaches to the exit ramp.

D. A Keep Right (R4-7 or R4-7c) may be used on a ramp median nose for wrong-way traffic control.

Guidance. On interchange entrance ramps where the ramp merges with the through roadway and the design of the interchange does not clearly make evident the direction of traffic on the separate roadways or ramps, a ONE WAY sign visible to traffic on the entrance ramp and through roadway should be placed on each side of the through roadway near the entrance ramp merging point.

Option. On interchange entrance ramps where the ramp merges with the through roadway and the design of the interchange does not clearly make evident the direction of traffic on the separate roadways or ramps a No Left Turn (R3-2) sign may be located on the left-hand side of the entrance ramp at the gore. If a No Left Turn (R3-2) sign is located on the left-hand side, a supplemental R3-2 sign may be installed on the right-hand side of the entrance ramp.

On interchange entrance ramps where the ramp merges with the through roadway and the design clearly indicates the direction of flow, a ONE WAY sign may be placed visible to traffic on the entrance ramp and/or a NO TURNS (R3-3) sign may be placed visible to traffic on the entrance ramp and through roadway at the gore area.

Support. EPG 903.2.37, EPG 903.2.38, and EPG 903.2.40 contain further information on signing to avoid wrong-way movements at at-grade intersections on expressways.

Figure 903.2.39.1. Example of Application of Regulatory Signing and Pavement Markings at an Exit Ramp Termination to Deter Wrong-Way Entry

Figure 903.2.39.2. Locations of Wrong-Way signing for Divided Highways with Offset Left Turn Lanes

Notes:

1. Distances may be adjusted up to 20’ +/- based on engineering judgement
2. 4”x72” red sign post delineators are optional
3. MoDOT maintained signs shall not be installed on the back of non-MoDOT maintained signs
4. See Figure 903.2.41.4 for ONE WAY signing for Divided Highways with Offset Left Turn Lanes

903.2.40 ONE WAY Signs (R6-1 and R6-2) (MUTCD Section 2B.49)

R6-1

R6-2

Standard. Except as provided in the sixth paragraph of this article, the ONE WAY (R6-1 or R6-2) sign shall be used to indicate streets or roadways upon which vehicular traffic is allowed to travel in one direction only.

ONE WAY signs shall be placed parallel to the one-way street at all alleys and roadways that intersect one-way roadways.

At the crossing of a roadway with a divided highway that functions as two separate intersections, ONE WAY signs shall be placed, visible to each crossroad approach, on the near right and far left corners of each intersection with the directional roadways (see Figures 903.2.41.1 and 903.2.41.2).

At the crossing of a roadway with a divided highway that functions as a single intersection Keep Right (R4-7) signs (see EPG 903.2.34) and/or ONE WAY signs shall be installed (see Figure 903.2.41.3 and Figure 903.2.41.4). If Keep Right signs are installed, they shall be placed as close as practicable to the approach ends of the medians and shall be visible to traffic on the divided highway as shown in Figure 903.2.41.3 and Figure 903.2.41.4. If ONE WAY signs are installed, they shall be placed on the near right and far left corners of the intersection and shall be visible to each crossroad approach.

Option. At the crossing of a roadway with a divided highway, regardless of function as a single or separate intersections, ONE WAY signs may also be placed on the far right corner of the intersection as shown in Figure 903.2.41.1, Figure 903.2.41.2, Figure 903.2.41.3 and Figure 903.2.41.4.

ONE WAY signs may be omitted on the one-way roadways of divided highways, where the design of interchanges indicates the direction of traffic on the separate roadways.

Support. EPG 903.2.39 contains information for the placement of ONE WAY signs at a crossroad with an interchange.

Standard. If used at unsignalized intersections with one-way streets, ONE WAY signs shall be placed on the near right and the far left corners of the intersection facing traffic entering or crossing the one-way street.

If used at signalized intersections with one-way streets, ONE WAY signs shall be placed near the appropriate signal faces, on the poles holding the traffic signals, on the mast arm or span wire holding the signals, or at the locations specified for unsignalized intersections.

At unsignalized T-intersections where the roadway at the top of the T-intersection is a one-way roadway, ONE WAY signs shall be placed on the near-right and the far side of the intersection facing traffic on the stem approach.

ONE WAY (R6-2) signs may be used in lieu of ONE WAY (R6-1) signs on mast arms for signals or where lateral space is limited.

Where the central island of a roundabout allows for the installation of signs, ONE WAY signs may be used to direct traffic counter-clockwise around the central island (see Figure 903.2.40.2 and Figure 903.2.40.3).

Guidance. Where used on the central island of a roundabout, the mounting height of a ONE WAY sign should be at least 4 feet, measured vertically from the bottom of the sign to the elevation of the near edge of the traveled way.

Figure 903.2.40.1 Example of Regulatory and Warning Signs for a Mini-Roundabout

Figure 903.2.40.2 Example of Regulatory and Warning Signs for a One-Lane Roundabout

Figure 903.2.40.3 Example of a Regulatory and Warning Signs for a Two-Lane Roundabout with Consecutive Double lefts

903.2.41 Divided Highway Crossing Signs (R6-3 and R6-3a) (MUTCD Section 2B.50)

R6-3

R6-3a

Standard. On unsignalized minor-street approaches from which both left turns and right turns are permitted onto a divided highway at a crossing that functions as two separate intersections (see EPG 903.1.23), a Divided Highway Crossing (R6-3 or R6-3a) sign shall be used to advise road users that they are approaching an intersection with a divided highway (see Figure 903.2.41.1 and Figure 903.2.41.2).

If a Divided Highway Crossing sign is used at a four-leg intersection, the R6-3 sign shall be used. If used at a T-intersection, the R6-3a sign shall be used.

The Divided Highway Crossing sign shall be located on the near right corner of the intersection, mounted beneath a STOP or YIELD sign or on a separate support.

The DIVIDED HIGHWAY (R6-3b) sign may be used in situations where the R6-3 or R6-3a Divided Highway Crossing signs may be confusing.

Figure 903.2.41.1 ONE WAY Signing for Divided Highways with Median Widths Greater than 150 Feet

Figure 903.2.41.2 ONE WAY Signing for Divided Highways with Median Widths of 60 Feet to 150 Feet

Figure 903.2.41.3 ONE WAY Signing for Divided Highways with Median Widths Narrower Than 60 Feet

Figure 903.2.41.4 ONE WAY Signing for Divided Highways with Offset Left Turn Lanes

903.2.42 Parking, Standing, and Stopping Signs (R7 and R8 Series) (MUTCD Section 2B.52)

Support. Parking signs pertain to the parking, standing, and stopping of vehicles along the roadway and in designated parking areas. They cover a wide variety of regulations, and only general guidance can be provided here. The word “standing” when used on the R7 and R8 series of signs refers to the practice of a driver keeping the vehicle in a stationary position while continuing to occupy the vehicle. The word “stopping” when used on the R7 and R8 series signs refers to any vehicle, occupied by a driver or not, that stops other than to avoid conflict with other traffic or to comply with official direction. Other types of activities such as active loading, active passenger loading, and/or waiting might be established in State or local codes for use on R7 and R8 series signs.

Parking signs are categorized as either (1) prohibiting parking or (2) permitting parking with restrictions on how parking is allowed.

The types of parking, standing, or stopping prohibitions that might be encountered include, but are not limited to:

A. Prohibited at all times;

B. Prohibited only at certain times of the day and/or days of the week;

C. Prohibited with exceptions, such as for bus stops, loading/unloading zones, persons with disabilities, or electric vehicle charging stations; or

D. Prohibited under certain conditions, such as Snow Emergency Routes.

Permissive parking signs allowing parking with restrictions include, but are not limited to:

A. Parking only allowed for limited time duration (such as 30 minutes or for 1 hour);

B. Metered parking requiring payment at an individual or a multi-space parking meter, or through electronic means such as by telephone or mobile application.;

C. Parking only for specific persons (such as those with disabilities or patrons or employees of a business) or specific vehicle types (such as electric vehicles, police/government vehicles, motorcycles, bicycles, or taxis);

D. Angled or back-in angled parking when it is not commonly used in the area;

E. Parking programs such as neighborhood/residential permits, school areas, or special events; and

F. Emergency parking or stopping only.

The District Engineer is authorized to act on requests for parking restrictions within incorporated areas upon receipt of a city ordinance requesting the same.

Option. The District Engineer may authorize parking restrictions after completion of a study by the district staff and review by county and local law enforcement.

Within interchange areas and on ramps the standard NO PARKING ANYTIME (R7-1) sign may be used.

Guidance. Local law enforcement agencies should be consulted when determining if there is a need for no parking signs to be installed.

903.2.43 Design of Parking, Standing, and Stopping Signs (MUTCD Section 2B.53)

R7-1	R7-108	R7-111	R7-111a	R7-112	R7-112a
R7-112b	R7-113	R7-113aP R7-113bP	R7-114a	R7-114b	R7-201P
R7-202P	R7-5	R7-8	R7-8aP	R7-35

Standard. Parking, standing, or stopping signs shall be rectangular.

Public agencies shall follow established law (State law, local ordinance, or regulation) as adopted by the authorized agency regarding what messages are allowed on parking signs.

The legend on parking signs shall state applicable regulations. Parking signs shall comply with the standards of shape, color, and location.

Prohibitive parking signs shall be used where parking is prohibited at all times or at specific times. Except as otherwise provided in this article, parking signs shall have a red legend and border on a white background and, when the parking prohibition symbol is used, the symbol “P” shall be black.

Permissive parking signs shall be used where only time-limited parking or parking in a particular manner is allowed. Permissive parking signs shall have a green legend and border on a white background.

Guidance. Parking information, should be displayed from top to bottom of the sign, as applicable, in the following order:

A. The restriction or prohibition;

B. The times of the day that it is applicable, if not all hours;

C. The days of the week that it is applicable, if not every day;

D. Qualifying or supplementary information;

E. Exemptions to the restriction of prohibition; and

F. Any tow-away message or symbol.

If the parking regulation applies to a limited area or zone, the limits of the regulation should be shown by arrows or supplemental plaques. If arrows are used and if the sign is at the end of a parking zone, there should be a single-headed arrow pointing in the direction that the regulation is in effect. If the sign is at an intermediate point in a zone, there should be a double-headed arrow pointing both ways. When a single sign is used at the transition point between two parking zones, it should display a right arrow and a left arrow pointing in the direction that the respective regulations apply.

Standard. The times and days for which the parking regulations are in effect shall be posted if they are not in effect at all times of day or all days of the week.

Option. As an alternate to the use of arrows to show designated restriction zones, the following word messages may be used: BEGIN, END, HERE TO CORNER, HERE TO ALLEY, and THIS SIDE OF SIGN.

Standard. Where parking spaces are reserved for persons with disabilities, the Accessible Parking (R7-8) sign shall be used to designate the space and shall display the official International Symbol of Accessibility.

Where parking spaces that are reserved for persons with disabilities are designed to accommodate wheelchair vans, a VAN ACCESSIBLE (R7-8aP) plaque shall be mounted below the R7-8 sign.

The RESERVED PARKING for Persons with Disabilities (R7-8) sign shall be installed in rest area parking lots 10 ft. to 16 ft. from the edge of the handicap ramp.

Support. The R7-8L has a left arrow and the R7-8R a right arrow. The R7-8 does not have an arrow.

Guidance. Where parking spaces are designated for parking of electric vehicles, an Electric Vehicle Parking (R7-111 series, R7-112 series, and R7-113) sign should be installed adjacent to the designated spaces. Where there is no time limit, the R7-111 series sign should be used. Where parking is subject to a time limit, the R7-112 series sign should be used.

Where parking spaces are only designated for charging of electric vehicles, an R7-113 sign or R7-114 series sign should be installed adjacent to the designated spaces.

Where additional restrictions apply while a vehicle occupies the designated space, the R7-113P series plaques should be installed below the R7-113 sign or the R7-114 series signs.

Option. A Tow-Away Zone (R7-201P or R7-201aP) plaque may be mounted below any parking prohibition sign. The word legend TOW-AWAY ZONE may be incorporated into the parking prohibition sign in lieu of using a separate plaque.

The R7-201P plaque may have a black or red symbol and border on a white background.

Guidance. When a legend other than that on the standard parking signs is necessary, letter height, symbol size, and basic sign layout should be consistent with the those shown on the standard parking signs as detailed in the FHWA “Standard Highway Signs” publication (see EPG 911 (MUTCD Section 1A.05)).

In general, the letter height of the principal legend on parking signs sized for urbanized applications should be at least 2 inches.

The NO PARKING ON BRIDGE sign (R7-35) should be used at bridge ends or on bridges where motorists tend to block or endanger through traffic by parking on the bridge.

903.2.44 Placement of Parking, Standing, and Stopping Signs (MUTCD Section 2B.54)

Support. The efficacy of parking, standing, and stopping signs, when used on conventional roads in urbanized or developed environments, depends on their visibility and consistent placement along a street or within a particular block. It is often impracticable for the entire legend to be legible from similar distances as for other types of signs. Therefore, it is important that their conventional form be recognizable from an adequate distance such that the road user can obtain the information upon closer inspection.

Guidance. When signs with arrows are used to indicate the extent of the restricted zones, the signs should be set at an angle of not less than 30 degrees nor more than 45 degrees with the line of traffic flow in order to be visible to approaching traffic.

When signs are placed at the head of perpendicular parking stalls, the signs should be parallel to the roadway facing the parking stall.

Spacing of signs should be based on legibility, conspicuity, and sign orientation.

If the zone is long, signs should be used at intermediate points within the zone.

If the signs are mounted at an angle of 90 degrees to the curb line, two signs should be mounted back to back at the transition point between two parking zones, each with an appended THIS SIDE OF SIGN (R7-202P) supplemental plaque.

If the signs are mounted at an angle of 90 degrees to the curb line, signs without any arrows or appended plaques should be used at intermediate points within a parking zone, facing in the direction of approaching traffic. Otherwise, the standards of placement should be the same as for signs using directional arrows.

Option. Blanket parking regulations that apply to an entire jurisdiction may, if legal, be posted in the vicinity of the jurisdictional boundary lines. Blanket parking regulations that apply to a posted zone or district may, if legal, be posted at the entry points to the zone or district.

903.2.45 Emergency Restriction Signs (R8-7) (MUTCD Section 2B.55)

R8-7

Standard. Emergency Restriction signs shall be rectangular and shall have a black legend and border on a white background.

Option. The EMERGENCY STOPPING ONLY (R8-7) sign may be used to discourage or prohibit shoulder parking on the interstate and other freeway highway systems based on the Missouri Revised Statutes, Section 304.024.

Guidance. The use of the EMERGENCY STOPPING ONLY sign should be held to a minimum and not erected unless there is a specific problem.

Support. EPG 913.2.7 contains information for the use of the DO NOT STOP ON TRACKS (R8-8) sign to discourage or prohibit parking or stopping on railroad or light rail transit tracks.

 

903.2.46 Pedestrian Crossing Signs (R9-3) (MUTCD Section 2B.57)

R9-3

R9-3a

Option. Pedestrian Crossing signs may be used to limit pedestrian crossing to specific locations.

Standard. If used, Pedestrian Crossing signs shall be installed to face pedestrian approaches.

Option. The No Pedestrian Crossing (R9-3) sign may be used to prohibit pedestrians from crossing a roadway at an undesirable location or in front of a school or other public building where a crossing is not designated.

The NO PEDESTRIAN CROSSING (R9-3a) word message sign may be used as an alternate to the R9-3 symbol sign.

Support. Pedestrians with vision disabilities might need features other than traffic control devices to provide effective communication of the prohibition of pedestrian crossing.

903.2.47 Traffic Signal Pedestrian and Bicyclist Actuation Signs (R10-3b, R10-3d, R10-3e, R10-4, and R10-25) (MUTCD Section 2B.58)

R10-3b

R10-3d

R10-3e

R10-4

R10-25

Standard. Where manual actuation of a traffic signal is required for pedestrians or bicyclists to call a signal phase to cross the roadway, traffic signal signs applicable to pedestrian actuation or bicyclist actuation shall be mounted immediately above or incorporated into the push button detector units (see EPG 902.9.5).

Support. Traffic signal signs applicable to pedestrians include:

A. Push Button for Walk Signal (R10-3 series), and

B. Push Button for Green Signal (R10-4 series).

Option. If the signalized intersection has push buttons but no pedestrian heads the PUSH BUTTON FOR GREEN SIGNAL (R10-4) sign may be used instead of the R10-3e and R10-3j signs.

Guidance. The finger in the push button symbol on the R10-4 sign should point in the same direction as the arrow on the sign.

Option. Where symbolic pedestrian signal indications are used, an educational sign (R10-3b) may be used at signalized intersections. The R10-3d educational sign may be used to inform pedestrians that the pedestrian clearance time is sufficient only for the pedestrian to cross to the median at locations where pedestrians cross in two stages using a median refuge island. The R10-3e educational sign may be used where countdown pedestrian signals have been provided.

The R10-3e sign shall be used with pre-timed pedestrian signals. For actuated pedestrian signal, the R10-3eL and R10-3eR shall be mounted immediately above or incorporated in pedestrian pushbutton units.

The R10-25 sign may be used where a push button detector has been installed for pedestrians to activate In-Roadway Warning Lights (see EPG 902.20) or flashing beacons that have been added to the pedestrian warning signs.

903.2.48 Traffic Signal Signs and Plaques (R10-5 through R10-23a) (MUTCD Section 2B.59)

R10-5	R10-6	R10-7	R10-10
R10-12	R10-12a	R10-13	R10-14	R10-14a
R10-14b	R10-15	R10-23	R10-23a

Option. To supplement traffic signal control, traffic signal (R10-5 through R10-30) signs may be used to regulate road users.

Traffic signal signs may be installed at certain locations to clarify signal control. Among the legends that may be used for this purpose are:

A. LEFT (RIGHT) ON GREEN ARROW ONLY (R10-5),

B. STOP HERE ON RED (R10-6) for observance of stop lines,

C. DO NOT BLOCK INTERSECTION (R10-7) for avoidance of traffic obstructions,

D. LEFT (RIGHT) TURN SIGNAL (R10-10),

E. U TURN SIGNAL (R10-10a) for exclusive control of a U-turn movement,

F. LEFT (RIGHT) TURN YIELD ON GREEN (symbolic circular green) (R10-12), and

G. LEFT (RIGHT) TURN YIELD ON FLASHING YELLOW ARROW (R10-12a).

Guidance. If used, the LEFT ON GREEN ARROW ONLY sign, the LEFT TURN SIGNAL sign, the LEFT TURN YIELD ON GREEN (symbolic circular green) sign, or the LEFT TURN YIELD ON FLASHING YELLOW ARROW sign should be located adjacent to the left-turn signal face.

Standard. The LEFT TURN SIGNAL (R10-10L) sign has been discontinued by MoDOT. These signs shall remain in place until the circular red indication is replaced with a red left arrow (see EPG 902.6.6 Signal Indications for Protected Only Mode Left-Turn Movements in a Separate Signal Face).

If an existing R10-10L is at the end of its service life, it shall be removed, and the circular red indication shall be replaced with a red left arrow.

Guidance. If used, the RIGHT ON GREEN ARROW ONLY sign, the RIGHT TURN SIGNAL sign, or the RIGHT TURN YIELD ON FLASHING YELLOW ARROW sign should be located adjacent to the right-turn signal face.

Option. If used, a U TURN SIGNAL (R10-10a) sign may be installed adjacent to the signal face that exclusively controls a U-turn movement.

Standard. The CROSSWALK—STOP ON RED (symbolic circular red) (R10-23) and STOP ON RED-YIELD ON FLASHING RED AFTER STOP (R10-23a) signs shall only be used in conjunction with pedestrian hybrid beacons (see EPG 902.10.2).

The EMERGENCY SIGNAL (R10-13) sign shall be used in conjunction with emergency-vehicle traffic control signals (see EPG 902.13.2).

The EMERGENCY SIGNAL—STOP ON FLASHING RED (R10-14 or R10-14a) sign shall be used in conjunction with emergency-vehicle hybrid beacons (see EPG 902.14.2).

Option. If needed for extra emphasis, a STOP HERE ON FLASHING RED (R10-14b) sign may be installed with an emergency-vehicle hybrid beacon.

Standard. The Left Turn Yield to Bicycles (R10-12b) sign shall be limited to applications where the conflicting bicyclist movement would be unexpected in direction, location, or similar condition that would tend to violate the expectation of a turning motorist.

Guidance. The Left Turn Yield to Bicycles sign should be located adjacent to the left-turn signal face.

Currently the R10-12b sign is not used by MoDOT. Contact the Highway Safety and Traffic division when considering the use of this sign.

Where conditions might warrant additional emphasis to drivers turning at a signalized intersection where potential pedestrian conflicts might not be readily apparent, a Turning Vehicles Yield to Pedestrians (R10-15) sign may be used.

The R10-15 series signs, where used, should be placed as follows:

A. On the near right corner of the signalized intersection for right-turning vehicles.

B. On the far left corner of the signalized intersection for the left-turning vehicles onto a two-way street.

C. On the near left corner of the signalized intersection for left-turning vehicles from a one-way street onto a one-way street.

903.2.49 No Turn on Red Signs (R10-11 and R10-30a) (MUTCD Section 2B.60)

R10-11

Standard. Where a right turn on a circular red signal indication (or a left turn on a circular red signal indication from a one-way street to a one-way street) is to be prohibited, a NO TURN ON RED (R10-11) word message sign shall be used.

The NO TURN ON RED (R10-11) sign shall be used to prohibit a right turn on red.

Guidance. If used, the No Turn on Red sign should be installed near the appropriate signal head.

A No Turn on Red sign should be considered when an engineering study finds that one or more of the following conditions exists:

A. Inadequate sight distance to vehicles approaching from the left (or right, if applicable);

B. Geometrics or operational characteristics of the intersection that might result in unexpected conflicts;

C. An exclusive pedestrian or bicycle phase;

D. An unacceptable number of conflicting pedestrian movements with right-turn-on-red maneuvers, especially involving children, older pedestrians, or persons with disabilities;

E. More than three right-turn-on-red crashes reported in a 12-month period for the particular approach; or

F. The skew angle of the intersecting roadways creates difficulty for drivers to see traffic approaching from their left (or right, if applicable).

Standard. If an R10-11 sign with conventional road size as shown in Table 903.2.3 is used on an approach on the far side of the intersection and the distance between the stop line and the sign is greater than 120 feet, then a duplicate sign shall be located on the near side of the intersection to supplement the sign on the far side of the intersection.

Except as provided by the option below, if right turn on red (RTOR) is restricted, then the NO TURN ON RED (R10-11) sign shall be used in lieu of the RIGHT TURN SIGNAL sign.

Guidance. If used, the NO TURN ON RED sign should mounted adjacent to the far right signal indication. Refer to EPG 902.6.13 to determine when a NO TURN ON RED sign should be considered.

Option. Where space is limited, the square-shaped NO TURN ON RED (R10-11b) sign may be used instead of the R10-11 sign.

When a no-turn-on-red restriction applies during certain time periods only, the following alternatives may be used:

A Movement Prohibition (R3-1, R3-2, R3-4, R3-18, and R3-27) signs or NO TURN ON RED signs displayed by using a blank-out sign for the time period or one or more portion(s) of a particular cycle of the traffic control signal during which the prohibition is applicable; or

White LEDs may be used in the border and activated during periods of turn prohibition to enhance the sign conspicuity.

A RIGHT TURN ON RED MUST YIELD TO U-TURN (R10-30) sign may be installed to remind road users that they must yield to conflicting U-turn traffic on the street or highway onto which they are turning right on a red signal after stopping.

A RIGHT TURN MUST YIELD TO U-TURN (R10-30a) sign may be installed under a yield sign to remind road users that they must yield to conflicting U-turn traffic on the street or highway on to which they are turning right controlled by a yield sign.

903.2.50 Ramp Metering Signs (R10-28 and R10-29) (MUTCD Section 2B.61)

R10-28

R10-29

Option. When ramp control signals (see EPG 902.16) are used to meter traffic on a freeway or expressway entrance ramp, regulatory signs with legends appropriate to the control may be installed adjacent to the ramp control signal faces.

For entrance ramps with only one controlled lane, an XX VEHICLE(S) PER GREEN (R10-28) sign may be used to inform road users of the number of vehicles that are permitted to proceed during each short display of the green signal indication. For entrance ramps with more than one controlled lane, an XX VEHICLE(S) PER GREEN EACH LANE (R10-29) sign may be used to inform road users of the number of vehicles that are permitted to proceed from each lane during each short display of the green signal indication.

Support. EPG 903.12 contains provisions for the use of blank-out or changeable message signs when the metering is limited by time, day, or condition.

903.2.51 KEEP OFF MEDIAN Sign (R11-1) (MUTCD Section 2B.62)

R11-1

Option. The KEEP OFF MEDIAN (R11-1) sign may be used to prohibit driving into or parking on the median.

Guidance. The KEEP OFF MEDIAN sign should be installed on the left-hand side of the roadway within the median at random intervals as needed wherever there is a tendency for encroachment.

Support. A median is the area between two roadways of a divided highway measured from edge of travel way to edge of travel way or the area between a highway and an outer road.

903.2.52 ROAD CLOSED Sign (R11-2) and LOCAL TRAFFIC ONLY Signs (R11-3 and R11-4) (MUTCD Section 2B.63)

R11-2

R11-3

R11-4

Guidance. The ROAD CLOSED (R11-2) sign should be installed where roads have been closed to all traffic (except authorized vehicles).

ROAD CLOSED—LOCAL TRAFFIC ONLY (R11-3) or ROAD CLOSED TO THRU TRAFFIC (R11-4) signs should be used where through traffic is not permitted, or for a closure some distance beyond the sign, but where the highway is open for local traffic up to the point of closure.

Standard. The Road Closed (R11-2, R11-3, and R11-4) signs shall be designed as horizontal rectangles. These signs shall be preceded by the applicable Advance Road Closed warning sign with the secondary legend AHEAD and, if applicable, an Advance Detour warning sign (see EPG 616.8.4).

903.2.53 Weight Limit Sign (R12-1) (MUTCD Section 2B.64)

R12-1

Support. In 2022, a new load posting policy was implemented by MoDOT in the EPG. This new policy resulted from a plan of corrective action with FHWA. With this new policy, all structures on the national bridge inventory will be categorized under this new policy within the next 10 years. There are 10,387 structures on the state system. 270 of these structures are major or unusual structures and these will be categorized over the next 10 years. The remaining 10,117 structures consist of 6,940 normal bridges and 3,177 culverts. The normal bridges will be categorized in the next 4 years and the culverts will be reviewed in the last 3 years of the 10 year timeline of the plan. The R12-1 sign remains in use, with the remaining MoDOT bridge posting signs being replaced by one of three new bridge posting signs in this article.

Standard. Weight limit signs shall be used to indicate a structure that has a vehicle weight restriction.

Guidance. The units shown on any weight limit sign should be tons.

Standard. Weight limit signs shall be installed in accordance with the new bridge posting classifications once completed.

A weight limit sign shall be located at the applicable structure in accordance with (see Table 903.2.53 and Figures 903.2.53.1 to 903.2.53.3).

An additional weight limit sign, with an advisory distance or directional legend, shall be located in advance of the applicable section of highway or structure so that prohibited vehicles can detour or turn around prior to the limit zone.

In commercial zones, bridges with the capacity of more the 65 tons shall not be posted, as normally loads in excess of 65 tons will not occur.

Once a bridge has been categorized, the bridge posting signs shall be updated within 30 days of the bridge posting reclassification. This includes installing the correct sign and configuring the sign locations to match the appropriate bridge posting figure (see Figures 903.2.53.1 to 903.2.53.3).

Support. If existing weight limit signs need to be replaced prior to a bridge being categorized, contact Highway Safety and Traffic Division, Signing Section, for guidance.

Table 903.2.53, Listing of Bridge Posting Categories

Statewide Legal Load Posting Gross Weight Categories
Classification	Category	Description	Sign Verbiage	Sign	Figure
Normal Legal	SW-1	No Posting Required	N/A	N/A	N/A
Normal Legal	SW-2	General Gross Weight Limit	Weight Limit XX Tons	R12-1	903.5.36.1
Normal Legal	SW-3	Single Unit Vehicle Gross Weight Limit	Weight Limit Single Unit XX Tons	R12-12	903.5.36.1
Normal Legal	SW-4	Combination Vehicle Gross Weight Limit	Weight Limit Combination XX Tons	R12-13	903.5.36.1
Normal Legal	SW-5	Single Unit Vehicle and Combination Vehicle Gross Weight Limits	Weight Limit Single Unit XX Tons Combination XX Tons	R12-14	903.5.36.1
Statewide Legal Load Posting Centerline Restriction with Gross Weight Categories
Classification	Category	Description	Sign Verbiage	Sign	Figure
Lane Restricted	LR-1	Lane Restriction Only	N/A	N/A	903.5.36.3
Lane Restricted	LR-2	Lane Restriction with General Gross Weight Limit	Weight Limit XX Tons	R12-1	903.5.36.2
Lane Restricted	LR-3	Lane Restriction with Single Unit Vehicle Gross Weight Limit	Weight Limit Single Unit XX Tons	R12-12	903.5.36.2
Lane Restricted	LR-4	Lane Restriction with Combination Vehicle Gross Weight Limit	Weight Limit Combination XX Tons	R12-13	903.5.36.2
Lane Restricted	LR-5	Lane Restriction with Single Unit Vehicle and Combination Vehicle Gross Weight Limits	Weight Limit Single Unit XX Tons Combination XX Tons	R12-14	903.5.36.2
Commercial Zone Areas Gross Weight Categories
Classification	Category	Description	Sign Verbiage	Sign	Figure
Commercial Zone	CZ-1	No Posting Required	N/A	N/A	N/A
Commercial Zone	CZ-2	General Gross Weight Limit	Weight Limit XX Tons	R12-1	903.5.36.1
Commercial Zone	CZ-3	Single Unit Vehicle Gross Weight Limit	Weight Limit Single Unit XX Tons	R12-12	903.5.36.1
Commercial Zone	CZ-4	Combination Vehicle Gross Weight Limit	Weight Limit Combination XX Tons	R12-13	903.5.36.1
Commercial Zone	CZ-5	Single Unit Vehicle and Combination Vehicle Gross Weight Limits	Weight Limit Single Unit XX Tons Combination XX Tons	R12-14	903.5.36.1
Other Miscellaneous Load Posting Categories
Classification	Category	Description	Sign Verbiage	Sign	Figure
Fire Truck	FT-1	General Gross Weight Limit for Emergency Vehicles Included in the FAST Act, Federal Reauthorization Bill	Weight Limit XX Tons	R12-1	903.5.36.1
Closed Bridge	K-CD	Closed to All Traffic	N/A	N/A	N/A
Closed Bridge	K-CIF	Closed to All Traffic as the Result of a Critical Inspection Finding	N/A	N/A	N/A
Other	OT-1	For Local Agency Bridges that have Signage that Doesn't Fit the Normal Legal, Lane Restricted, or Commercial Zone Categories	N/A	N/A	N/A

Figure 903.2.53.1 Weight Limit Restrictions

Figure 903.2.53.2 One Lane Bridge Weight and Width Restrictions

Figure 903.2.53.3 One Lane Bridge Width Restrictions

903.2.54 Weigh Station Sign (R13 Series) (MUTCD Section 2B.65)

R13-11

R13-15P

R13-16

Standard. The BUSES WEIGH sign (R13-11) should be used at all weigh stations to supplement the standard weigh station signing.

Guidance. The OPEN-CLOSED plaque (R13-15P) should be installed below all WEIGH STATION RIGHT LANE signs whenever an automatic OPEN-CLOSED sign has not been provided.

The BEFORE PULLING ON SCALE (R13-16) sign should be installed just to the right of the weigh scale and immediately in front thereof. A 30 in. STOP sign should be mounted above the sign.

903.2.55 TRUCK ROUTE Sign (R14-1) (MUTCD Section 2B.66)

R14-1

Guidance. The TRUCK ROUTE (R14-1) sign should be used to mark a route that has been designated to allow truck traffic.

903.2.56 Photo Enforced Signs and Plaques (R10-18a and R10-19P) (MUTCD Section 2B.69)

R10-18a

R10-19P

Option. A Signal Ahead (W3-3) sign and a Traffic Signal Photo Enforced (R10-18a) sign may be used on the same approach provided that they are on separate supports.

A Photo Enforced (R10-19P) plaque may be mounted below a regulatory sign to advise road users that the regulation is being enforced by photographic equipment.

Standard. The Traffic Signal Photo Enforced (R10-18a) sign shall be used on approaches to signalized locations where red-light cameras are present.

The Traffic Signal Photo Enforced (R10-18a) sign shall not be installed on approaches to signalized locations where red-light cameras are not present on any of the approaches to the signalized location.

A Traffic Signal Photo Enforced (R10-18a) sign shall not be installed on the same support in combination with a Signal Ahead (W3-3) sign.

If used below a regulatory sign, the Photo Enforced (R10-19P) plaque shall be a rectangle with a black legend and border on a white background.

Support. For more information about photo enforcement requirements, see EPG 950.

903.2.57 STATE LAW MOVE OVER OR SLOW DOWN FOR STOPPED EMERGENCY VEHICLES Sign (R16-25) (MUTCD Section 2B.71)

R16-25

Support. The STATE LAW MOVE OVER OR SLOW DOWN FOR STOPPED EMERGENCY VEHICLES (R16-25) sign is used to inform motorists of Missouri Revised Statutes 304.022, which requires motorists to drive with caution when approaching stopped emergency vehicles.

Guidance. The STATE LAW MOVE OVER OR SLOW DOWN FOR STOPPED EMERGENCY VEHICLES sign should be installed on Interstates entering the state at the state line. The location of the sign should be as close to the state line as possible and placed at the discretion of MoDOT.

Option. Additional STATE LAW MOVE OVER OR SLOW DOWN FOR STOPPED EMERGENCY VEHICLES signs may be installed on U.S. routes entering the state where there are no adjacent interstates and rest areas at the request of the Missouri State Highway Patrol.

Standard. Requests for additional signs shall be forwarded to the appropriate district engineer for approval. These signs shall only be installed on divided highways. The installation of this sign shall not interfere with or detract from any other regulatory, warning, or guide signs.

903.2.58 Headlight Use Signs (R16-5a) (MUTCD Section 2B.73)

Support. The HEADLIGHTS ON WHEN WIPERS ARE REQUIRED (R16-5a) sign, supported by RSMo 307.020 in 2004, was developed to inform motorists of the new law directing them to turn on headlights when wipers are on and during inclement weather. The use of these signs has been discontinued as the law has been in place for more than 15 years and many vehicles come equipped with headlights that turn on when wipers are activated. Existing signs are to be removed at the end of their sign life.

903.2.59 Seat Belt Symbol (MUTCD Section 2B.74)

R16-30

Guidance. The seat belt symbol should not be used alone. If used, the seat belt symbol should be incorporated into regulatory sign messages for mandatory seat belt use.

Support. The seat belt symbol is illustrated in the FHWA “Standard Highway Signs” publication (see ).

Guidance. The R16-2, R16-3, R16-24, R16-27, and R16-27a seatbelt signs have been discontinued. These signs should remain in place to the end of their service life.

The STATE LAW BUCKLE UP PHONE DOWN (R16-30) sign should be installed at the end of the on ramp of rest areas and Missouri Welcome Centers on the interstate system. The STATE LAW BUCKLE UP PHONE DOWN (R16-30a) sign should be installed on Interstate and U.S. Routes at the state line entering Missouri. Neither sign should be installed at any other location along a roadway.

Support. A growing number of cities and counties are passing local ordinances to make seat belt usage a primary law in their communities. To promote the use of seat belts a PRIMARY SEAT BELT CITY / COUNTY - ORDINANCE sign may be installed by MoDOT upon request.

Standard. If a city/county has an established primary seat belt ordinance, MoDOT will install PRIMARY SEAT BELT CITY / COUNTY - ORDINANCE signs upon request once a copy of the ordinance has been received. When the PRIMARY SEAT BELT CITY / COUNTY - ORDINANCE is installed they shall be mounted to the right of the city limit sign or the entering county line sign.

Option. If insufficient space is available to mount the assembly to the right of these signs, the assembly shall be installed 200 ft. downstream of the city limit or county line signs at the appropriate sign spacing.

903.2.60 Barricades (MUTCD Section 2B.75)

Option. Barricades may be used to mark any of the following conditions:

A. The end of a roadway,

B. A ramp or lane that is closed for operational purposes, or

C. The permanent or semi-permanent closure or termination of a roadway.

Standard. When used to warn and alert road users of the terminus of a roadway, other than in temporary traffic control zones, barricades shall meet the design criteria of EPG 616.11.7 for a Type 3 Barricade, except that the colors of the stripes shall be retroreflective white and retroreflective red.

Option. An end-of-roadway marker or markers may be used as described in EPG 903.3.73.

Guidance. Appropriate advance warning signs (see EPG 903.3) should be used.

903.2.61 NO PARKING ALL TRAILERS AND TRUCKS OVER 6 TONS (R7-36)

R7-36

Standard. NO PARKING ALL TRAILERS AND TRUCKS OVER 6 TONS (R7-36) signs shall be placed in each commuter parking lot. A sign shall be installed at or near each entrance of the commuter parking lot.

Support. This parking restriction is necessary because commuter lots have been used by commercial trailers and trucks for extended periods of parking.

903.2.62 STOP FOR SCHOOL BUS SIGN (R16-26)

Standard. The STOP FOR SCHOOL BUS (R16-26) sign has been discontinued. MoDOT shall no longer provide STOP FOR SCHOOL BUS (R16-26) signs. Existing STOP FOR SCHOOL BUS (R16-26) signs shall be left in place until they reach the end of their service life.

903.2.63 Other Regulatory Signs

Option. Regulatory word message signs other than those classified and specified in the EPG and the federal Standard Highway Signs and Markings book may be developed to aid the enforcement of other laws or regulations.

Except for symbols on regulatory signs, minor modifications in the design may be permitted provided that the essential appearance characteristics are met.

Standard. Special regulatory signs shall be approved by the State Highway Safety and Traffic Engineer.

903.2.64 Engine Brake Muffler Required Signing

R5-23

History. MoDOT once had a NOISE ORDINANCE ENFORCED policy which was developed to address cities’ requests to install NO JAKE BRAKE signing. These requests were generated when a community experienced excessive noise related to improperly installed/operated engine braking systems on commercial vehicles. Jake brakes, or engine braking systems, are safety features of commercial vehicles. MoDOT was not willing to post signs on state routes which prohibited the use of these safety devices. However, to address the increasing requests for signing, MoDOT did permit the installation of NOISE ORDINANCE ENFORCED signs if a city passed an appropriate ordinance. This program was replaced with the current ENGINE BRAKE MUFFLERS REQUIRED signing in January 2022. This change was designed to address shortcomings of the noise ordinance signing program, which included difficulty in enforcing a noise level and noise ordinances which did not contain language relevant to engine braking noise levels. The current program is based on the direction other states have taken, focusing on the physical equipment on a commercial vehicle which can be more easily inspected and evaluated for deficiencies. This signing program is also targeting the primary concern of excessive noise from engine braking.

Support. Commercial vehicles are commonly equipped with an engine braking system. These systems supplement the vehicle’s mechanical brakes aiding in slowing these heavy vehicles safely. These safety systems, when not properly installed, can create excessive noise which many communities find objectionable. MoDOT does not permit regulatory signs which prohibit the use of these safety devices, however, the ENGINE BRAKE MUFFLERS REQUIRED signing conveys to truck drivers they must use these safety devices in an appropriate manner.

Option. If a community experiences issues with excessive noise from improperly used and installed engine braking systems on commercial vehicles, they can pass an ordinance and request MoDOT to install ENGINE BRAKE MUFFLERS REQUIRED signing at their city limit sign locations. MoDOT will install and maintain these signs with only a copy of the ordinance for our records, no fee or contract is involved. A jurisdiction can pass an ordinance specifically related to engine braking or include the language as part of another ordinance, such as a noise ordinance.

Standard. Before MoDOT will install ENGINE BRAKE MUFFLERS REQUIRED signing, a city must pass an appropriate ordinance which will be approved and kept on file by CO Highway Safety and Traffic. The ordinance shall include the following language:

Engine compression braking devices on any commercial vehicle, as defined in Missouri Revised Statute RSMo Section 301.010, may only be used within the city limits of [CITY NAME] if the truck is equipped with an adequate muffler (factory muffler or equivalent aftermarket muffler) which is properly maintained to prevent any excessive or unusual noise. If the truck’s exhaust system is equipped with a muffler cut-off, bypass, or similar device, that device shall not be activated when the engine brake is being utilized. Unmuffled engine braking system shall only be utilized within the city limits by commercial motor vehicles in emergency situations to protect life or property. Engine braking systems on rescue vehicles, city and state vehicles are exempt from this ordinance if used in the performance of official duties.

ENGINE BRAKE MUFFLER REQUIRED signing shall only be installed at the city limit location.

ENGINE BRAKE MUFFLER REQUIRED signing shall not be installed on freeways or expressways within the city limits where the posted speed limit is 45 mph or greater due to the critical need for the device at higher speeds.

Existing NOISE ORDINANCE ENFORCED signs shall be removed at the end of the signs’ service life, with no new NOISE ORDINANCE ENFORCED signs being installed after January 2022.

Individual sign installation locations can be denied by MoDOT if engineering judgement determines the prohibition would negatively impact safety, such as on long steep grades or abrupt/unexpected approaches to intersections.

Option. If the city limit on a freeway or expressway is within a posted speed limit of 45 mph or greater and the posted speed limit on that route drops to 40 mph or less, the ENGINE BRAKE MUFFLER REQUIRED sign may be installed adjacent to the speed limit sign where the speed limit drops below 45 mph.

At the end of a NOISE ORDINANCE ENFORCED sign’s life, or before, a city may request the new ENGINE BRAKE MUFFLER REQUIRED signing once the appropriate ordinance is passed.

If there is insufficient space to the right of the city limit sign to place the ENGINE BRAKE MUFFLER REQUIRED sign, it may be installed 200 ft. downstream of the city limit sign.

903.2.65 Regulatory Signs For Trash/Dumping (R5-26, R5-28)

R5-28

Standard. The NO DUMPING sign (R5-28) shall be erected only at locations where the Department of Natural Resources has given us written notice that solid waste is being disposed of on highway right of way. NO MORE TRASH signs (R5-26) are not typically installed along MoDOT roadways. NO MORE TRASH signs (R5-26) should only be installed at commuter lots, rest areas or roadside parks. NO MORE TRASH signs shall only be installed along the roadway if a major liter issue has been identified and the sign is needed for enforcement purposes. Existing NO MORE TRASH signs (R5-26) shall be left in place until they reach the end of their service life.

903.2.66 Regulation Signs For Roadside Parks and Commuter Parking Lots (R20-1)

R20-1

Support. Regulation signs are displayed at MoDOT maintained roadside parks and commuter parking lots to convey the rules and regulations pertaining to each type of facility.

Guidance. A minimum of one regulation sign should be installed at each MoDOT maintained roadside park and commuter parking lot, with the sign(s) being installed in centralized location(s) where the sign will be within normal sight of visitors once they leave their vehicles.

903.2.67 Rest Area Regulatory Signing (R20-2, R20-3, R20-4)

R20-2

R20-3

R20-4

Guidance. The REST AREA MAINTAINED BY (R20-3) sign should be installed in a prominent area along the entrance ramp to the rest area, preferably in the gore area separating truck / car traffic.

Standard. The TRUCKS-CARS (R20-4) sign shall be installed at the gore point inside the rest area to direct various vehicles to the appropriate parking lot.

A minimum of three REST AREA REGULATIONS (R20-2) signs shall be installed at each rest area.

The REST AREA MAINTAINED BY (R20-3) sign shall be installed at all rest areas to inform the public who is responsible to maintain the facility prior to the gore point.

903.2.68 Access Management Signing (R21-1 through R21-5)

Standard. ACCESS MANAGEMENT (R22-1 through R22-5) signs have been discontinued. MoDOT shall no longer provide ACCESS MANAGEMENT (R22-1 through R22-5) signs. Existing ACCESS MANAGEMENT (R22-1 through R22-5) signs shall be left in place until they reach the end of their service life.

903.2.69 Trucks and Buses 300 Ft Interval Sign (R4-30)

Standard. TRUCKS AND BUSES (R4-30) signs have been discontinued. MoDOT shall no longer provide TRUCKS AND BUSES (R4-30) signs. Existing TRUCKS AND BUSES (R4-30) signs shall be left in place until they reach the end of their service life.

903.2.70 FINES DOUBLED ENDS Sign (R2-20)

R2-20

Support. The FINES DOUBLED ENDS (R2-20) sign is not to be used on a system-wide basis. It is part of a signing package intended for special use at locations where severe crashes are occurring. There is a requirement for regional support to focus a safety campaign involving local law enforcement and public information efforts to reduce the number and severity of crashes within the travel safe zone (see EPG 907.3.2).

Standard: A FINES DOUBLED ENDS sign shall be used to mark the end of a designated travel safe zone. This sign is installed in conjunction with the TRAVEL SAFE ZONE – FINES DOUBLED (W26-1) sign.