https://epg.modot.org/index.php?title=901.12_Electrical_Components&feed=atom&action=history901.12 Electrical Components - Revision history2024-03-29T12:20:35ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.33.1https://epg.modot.org/index.php?title=901.12_Electrical_Components&diff=48103&oldid=prevSmithk: /* 901.12.1 Voltage Drop and Wire Sizes */2020-08-14T17:13:46Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">901.12.1 Voltage Drop and Wire Sizes</span></span></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 17:13, 14 August 2020</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l45" >Line 45:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 45:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* High Mast Light Poles - #2 AWG (35 mm<sup>2</sup>) MAXIMUM</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* High Mast Light Poles - #2 AWG (35 mm<sup>2</sup>) MAXIMUM</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>If circuit loading or voltage drop requires a larger wire size than the maximum then one or more of the following can be considered:</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>If circuit loading or voltage drop requires a larger wire size than the maximum<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>then one or more of the following can be considered:</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Increase the system voltage from 240 volts to 480 volts.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Increase the system voltage from 240 volts to 480 volts.</div></td></tr>
</table>Smithkhttps://epg.modot.org/index.php?title=901.12_Electrical_Components&diff=40383&oldid=prevEPGsysop: Per TS, replaced LED wattage references with A,B and C nomenclature2018-02-13T16:53:57Z<p>Per TS, replaced LED wattage references with A,B and C nomenclature</p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 16:53, 13 February 2018</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l61" >Line 61:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 61:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''901.12.1.2 Example to Determine Necessary Wire Cable Size'''</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''901.12.1.2 Example to Determine Necessary Wire Cable Size'''</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Given: Five <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">170 watt </del>LED luminaires on a 480-volt circuit at 1200, 1700, 3700, 4300 and 4600 ft. (350, 500, 1100, 1300 and 1400 m), respectively, from the control station. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Given: Five LED<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">-B </ins>luminaires on a 480-volt circuit at 1200, 1700, 3700, 4300 and 4600 ft. (350, 500, 1100, 1300 and 1400 m), respectively, from the control station. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>There must be sufficient current to operate the first luminaries as well as the next four luminaires, etc. Operating current is obtained from the manufacturer of the luminaire. For our example we will assume 0.71 amps.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>There must be sufficient current to operate the first luminaries as well as the next four luminaires, etc. Operating current is obtained from the manufacturer of the luminaire. For our example we will assume 0.71 amps.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l165" >Line 165:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 165:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Circuit breakers are protective devices for over-current conditions. When the current passing through the circuit breaker coils exceeds a predetermined amount, the magnetic field developed is sufficiently large in magnetomotive force to trip the contacts and open the faulty circuit. The amount of current required to operate the trip mechanism is referred to as the "trip rating". Proper protection of the circuit requires a breaker with the correct "tripping" current value. This value, "trip rating", can readily be computed by totaling the number of luminaires for each circuit breaker and thereby obtaining the total current being used in the circuit.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Circuit breakers are protective devices for over-current conditions. When the current passing through the circuit breaker coils exceeds a predetermined amount, the magnetic field developed is sufficiently large in magnetomotive force to trip the contacts and open the faulty circuit. The amount of current required to operate the trip mechanism is referred to as the "trip rating". Proper protection of the circuit requires a breaker with the correct "tripping" current value. This value, "trip rating", can readily be computed by totaling the number of luminaires for each circuit breaker and thereby obtaining the total current being used in the circuit.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>To prevent unnecessary tripping of the breaker during surges and in-rush currents, the total current is usually multiplied by a factor of 1.3. Using the previous example: 5 each - <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">170-watt LED </del>luminaires require a normal operating current of 5 x (0.71 ampere) = 3.67 amperes.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>To prevent unnecessary tripping of the breaker during surges and in-rush currents, the total current is usually multiplied by a factor of 1.3. Using the previous example: 5 each <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">LED</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">B </ins>luminaires require a normal operating current of 5 x (0.71 ampere) = 3.67 amperes.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The line loss load in amperes is added as follows:</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The line loss load in amperes is added as follows:</div></td></tr>
</table>EPGsysophttps://epg.modot.org/index.php?title=901.12_Electrical_Components&diff=40372&oldid=prevEPGsysop: Per TS, provided guidance to allow the use of LED luminaires for roadway lighting.2018-02-09T23:29:35Z<p>Per TS, provided guidance to allow the use of LED luminaires for roadway lighting.</p>
<a href="https://epg.modot.org/index.php?title=901.12_Electrical_Components&diff=40372&oldid=22386">Show changes</a>EPGsysophttps://epg.modot.org/index.php?title=901.12_Electrical_Components&diff=22386&oldid=prevSmithk: minor clarification2010-03-30T16:26:04Z<p>minor clarification</p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 16:26, 30 March 2010</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l17" >Line 17:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 17:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Since the resistance of a wire conductor is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area of the wire, increased voltage drops are developed as the wire diameters decrease.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Since the resistance of a wire conductor is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area of the wire, increased voltage drops are developed as the wire diameters decrease.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The areas of wires in circular mils (mm<sup>2</sup>) and the resistance in ohms per 1000 ft. (1000 m) to be used in calculations are shown in the [[901.10 Preparation of Plans#901.10.3 Cable and Conduit|tables of 901.10.3<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </del>Cable and Conduit]]. The voltage drop in any line is calculated from the formula:</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The areas of wires in circular mils (mm<sup>2</sup>) and the resistance in ohms per 1000 ft. (1000 m) to be used in calculations are shown in the [[901.10 Preparation of Plans#901.10.3 Cable and Conduit|tables of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">EPG </ins>901.10.3 Cable and Conduit]]. The voltage drop in any line is calculated from the formula:</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>: ENGLISH</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>: ENGLISH</div></td></tr>
</table>Smithkhttps://epg.modot.org/index.php?title=901.12_Electrical_Components&diff=18405&oldid=prevSmithk: /* 901.12.1 Voltage Drop and Wire Sizes */ appearance of equations enhanced2008-08-13T14:12:31Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">901.12.1 Voltage Drop and Wire Sizes: </span> appearance of equations enhanced</span></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 14:12, 13 August 2008</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l19" >Line 19:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 19:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The areas of wires in circular mils (mm<sup>2</sup>) and the resistance in ohms per 1000 ft. (1000 m) to be used in calculations are shown in the [[901.10 Preparation of Plans#901.10.3 Cable and Conduit|tables of 901.10.3, Cable and Conduit]]. The voltage drop in any line is calculated from the formula:</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The areas of wires in circular mils (mm<sup>2</sup>) and the resistance in ohms per 1000 ft. (1000 m) to be used in calculations are shown in the [[901.10 Preparation of Plans#901.10.3 Cable and Conduit|tables of 901.10.3, Cable and Conduit]]. The voltage drop in any line is calculated from the formula:</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del>ENGLISH</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">: </ins>ENGLISH</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> Volts drop = Distance (ft) x Amperes x 25/(Area, in circular mils)</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> METRIC</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">: <math></ins>Volts<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">\; </ins>drop=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">\frac{</ins>Distance<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">\;</ins>(<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ft</ins>) <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">\times \ </ins>Amperes <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">\times \ 25}{Area\;</ins>(<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">circular\;mils)}</ins></<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">math</ins>></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del>Volts drop = Distance (<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">m</del>) <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">x </del>Amperes <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">x 0.04125/</del>(<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Area, in mm<sup>2</del></<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">sup</del>><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">)</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> Transposing this formula, the required area in circular mils (mm<sup>2</sup>) can be computed</del>:</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>: <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">METRIC</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> ENGLISH</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">: <math>Volts\; drop=\frac{Distance\;(m) \times \ Amperes \times \ 0.04125}{Area\;(mm^2)}</math></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> Area </del>in circular mils <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">= Distance x Amperes x 25</del>/<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(Permissible voltage drop</del>)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Transposing this formula, the required area </ins>in circular mils <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(mm<sup>2<</ins>/<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">sup></ins>) <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">can be computed:</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> METRIC</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">: ENGLISH</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del>Area in <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">mm</del><<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">sup</del>><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2</del><<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">/sup</del>> = Distance <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">x </del>Amperes <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">x </del>0.04125<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">/(</del>Permissible voltage drop<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">)</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">: <math></ins>Area<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">\; </ins>in<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">\; circular\; mils=\frac{Distance \times \ Amperes \times \ 25}{Permissible\;voltage\; drop}</ins><<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">/math</ins>></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">: METRIC</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">: </ins><<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">math</ins>><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Area\; in\; mm^2</ins>=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">\frac{</ins>Distance <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">\times \ </ins>Amperes <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">\times \ </ins>0.04125<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">}{</ins>Permissible<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">\;</ins>voltage<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">\; </ins>drop<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">}</math></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>With the constant wattage ballast, the permissible voltage drop is five percent of the system voltage. A factor of 0.95 is to be applied to the system voltage to allow for line fluctuations. This results in an allowable drop of 23 volts for a 480-volt circuit, and 11 volts for a 240-volt circuit.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>With the constant wattage ballast, the permissible voltage drop is five percent of the system voltage. A factor of 0.95 is to be applied to the system voltage to allow for line fluctuations. This results in an allowable drop of 23 volts for a 480-volt circuit, and 11 volts for a 240-volt circuit.</div></td></tr>
</table>Smithkhttps://epg.modot.org/index.php?title=901.12_Electrical_Components&diff=18402&oldid=prevSmithk: correction (denominators corrected in voltage drop equations)2008-08-13T13:02:10Z<p>correction (denominators corrected in voltage drop equations)</p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 13:02, 13 August 2008</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l20" >Line 20:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 20:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> ENGLISH</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> ENGLISH</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> Volts drop = Distance (ft) x Amperes x 25</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> Volts drop = Distance (ft) x Amperes x 25<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">/(Area, in </ins>circular mils<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">)</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del>circular mils</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> METRIC</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> METRIC</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> Volts drop = Distance (m) x Amperes x 0.04125</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> Volts drop = Distance (m) x Amperes x 0.04125<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">/(Area, in mm<sup>2</sup>)</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> mm2</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> Transposing this formula, the required area in circular mils (mm<sup>2</sup>) can be computed:</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> Transposing this formula, the required area in circular mils (mm<sup>2</sup>) can be computed:</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l31" >Line 31:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 29:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> ENGLISH</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> ENGLISH</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> Area in circular mils = Distance x Amperes x 25</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> Area in circular mils = Distance x Amperes x 25<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">/(</ins>Permissible voltage drop<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">)</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del>Permissible voltage drop</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> METRIC</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> METRIC</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> Area in mm<sup>2</sup> = Distance x Amperes x 0.04125</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> Area in mm<sup>2</sup> = Distance x Amperes x 0.04125<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">/(</ins>Permissible voltage drop<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">)</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del>Permissible voltage drop</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>With the constant wattage ballast, the permissible voltage drop is five percent of the system voltage. A factor of 0.95 is to be applied to the system voltage to allow for line fluctuations. This results in an allowable drop of 23 volts for a 480-volt circuit, and 11 volts for a 240-volt circuit.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>With the constant wattage ballast, the permissible voltage drop is five percent of the system voltage. A factor of 0.95 is to be applied to the system voltage to allow for line fluctuations. This results in an allowable drop of 23 volts for a 480-volt circuit, and 11 volts for a 240-volt circuit.</div></td></tr>
</table>Smithkhttps://epg.modot.org/index.php?title=901.12_Electrical_Components&diff=16796&oldid=prevSmithk: article construction2008-02-01T19:17:54Z<p>article construction</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>[[image:901.12 Electrical Components.jpg|right|300px]]<br />
<br />
==901.12.1 Voltage Drop and Wire Sizes==<br />
<br />
Voltage drop is an important factor in determining wire sizes. The voltage drop in any electrical circuit is directly dependent upon current and wire resistance. According to Ohm's Law the voltage drop in a line is equal to the current in amperes multiplied by the resistance of the line in ohms:<br />
<br />
E = I x R<br />
<br />
Where:<br />
<br />
E = voltage<br />
<br />
I = Current (in amperes)<br />
<br />
R = Resistance (in ohms)<br />
<br />
Since the resistance of a wire conductor is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area of the wire, increased voltage drops are developed as the wire diameters decrease.<br />
<br />
The areas of wires in circular mils (mm<sup>2</sup>) and the resistance in ohms per 1000 ft. (1000 m) to be used in calculations are shown in the [[901.10 Preparation of Plans#901.10.3 Cable and Conduit|tables of 901.10.3, Cable and Conduit]]. The voltage drop in any line is calculated from the formula:<br />
<br />
ENGLISH<br />
Volts drop = Distance (ft) x Amperes x 25<br />
circular mils<br />
<br />
METRIC<br />
Volts drop = Distance (m) x Amperes x 0.04125<br />
mm2<br />
<br />
Transposing this formula, the required area in circular mils (mm<sup>2</sup>) can be computed:<br />
<br />
ENGLISH<br />
<br />
Area in circular mils = Distance x Amperes x 25<br />
Permissible voltage drop<br />
<br />
METRIC<br />
<br />
Area in mm<sup>2</sup> = Distance x Amperes x 0.04125<br />
Permissible voltage drop<br />
<br />
With the constant wattage ballast, the permissible voltage drop is five percent of the system voltage. A factor of 0.95 is to be applied to the system voltage to allow for line fluctuations. This results in an allowable drop of 23 volts for a 480-volt circuit, and 11 volts for a 240-volt circuit.<br />
<br />
'''901.12.1.1 Maximum Wire Sizes.''' Maximum wire sizes for lighting branch circuits (cables between control station and light poles) are as follows:<br />
<br />
* Standard Light Poles (30 and 45 ft. mounting height) and Underpass Luminaires - #6 AWG (16 mm<sup>2</sup>) MAXIMUM<br />
<br />
* High Mast Light Poles - #2 AWG (35 mm<sup>2</sup>) MAXIMUM<br />
<br />
If circuit loading or voltage drop requires a larger wire size than the maximum then one or more of the following can be considered:<br />
<br />
* Increase the system voltage from 240 volts to 480 volts.<br />
<br />
* Split the circuits into additional branch circuits. This may require parallel cable conduits in some parts of the system.<br />
<br />
* Locate the control station closer to the lighting system.<br />
<br />
* Install additional control stations.<br />
<br />
Availability and proximity of power sources and system voltages is considered in obtaining the best solution. Where alternate configurations can achieve the same results, a rough cost comparison is made to determine the most economical configuration.<br />
<br />
Wire sizes larger than #0 AWG (70 mm<sup>2</sup>) are not recommended for power supply cables (cables between power supply and base-mounted control station) since larger wire sizes are difficult to handle in the control stations and power supplies. If a larger wire size is required, a terminal strip is provided in the control cabinet to reduce the wire size.<br />
<br />
'''901.12.1.2 Example to Determine Necessary Wire Cable Size'''<br />
<br />
Given: Five 250-watt lamps on a 480-volt circuit at 1200, 1700, 3700, 4300 and 4600 ft. (350, 500, 1100, 1300 and 1400 m), respectively, from the control station.<br />
<br />
There must be sufficient current to operate the first lamp as well as the next four lamps, etc.<br />
<br />
Operating current is determined using 95 percent of the system voltage to allow for line fluctuations. In addition, the lamp wattage is increased by a factor of 1.3 to allow for ballast load. The formula for power is P = V x I and the formula for current is I = P / V.<br />
<br />
(250 watts x 1.3) / (480 volts x 0.95) = 0.71 amps<br />
<br />
It is also necessary to add 5% to the wire length to allow for snaking.<br />
<br />
ENGLISH<br />
<br />
1200 ft x 1.05 x 5 lamps x 0.71 amps x 25/23 (Permissible Drop) = 4862 cir. mils to 1st lamp<br />
<br />
500 ft x 1.05 x 4 lamps x 0.71 x 25/23 = 1621 cir. mils to 2nd lamp<br />
<br />
2000 ft x 1.05 x 3 lamps x 0.71 x 25/23 = 4862 cir. mils to 3rd lamp<br />
<br />
600 ft x 1.05 x 2 lamps x 0.71 x 25/23 = 972 cir. mils to 4th lamp<br />
<br />
300 ft x 1.05 x 1 lamp x 0.71 x 25/23 = 243 cir. mils to 5th lamp<br />
<br />
Total Area = 12,560 cir. mils.<br />
<br />
METRIC<br />
<br />
350 m x 1.05 x 5 lamps x 0.71 amps x 0.04125/23 (Permissible Drop) = 2.34 mm<sup>2</sup> to 1st lamp<br />
<br />
150 m x 1.05 x 4 lamps x 0.71 x 0.04125/23 = 0.80 mm<sup>2</sup> to 2nd lamp<br />
<br />
600 m x 1.05 x 3 lamps x 0.71 x 0.04125/23 = 2.41 mm<sup>2</sup> to 3rd lamp<br />
<br />
200 m x 1.05 x 2 lamps x 0.71 x 0.04125/23 = 0.54 mm<sup>2</sup> to 4th lamp<br />
<br />
100 m x 1.05 x 1 lamp x 0.71 x 0.04125/23 = 0.13 mm<sup>2</sup> to 5th lamp<br />
<br />
Total Area = 6.22 mm<sup>2</sup>.<br />
<br />
The wire size is that with the area next above, as shown in Table 1 (8-01.1) of Figure 901.10 (8-01.11) or #8 AWG (10 mm<sup>2</sup>) (The minimum size used in cable-conduit is #8 AWG (10 mm<sup>2</sup>)). When several circuits are carried from one control station, determine the wire size for each circuit separately. #10 AWG (6 mm<sup>2</sup>) pole and bracket cable is used in all installations regardless of the size of the conductor cable. To check the preceding result, use the basic formula:<br />
<br />
Voltage Drop = Current x Resistance<br />
<br />
To determine the current in amperes, use length of wires (2 x distance) x number of lamps x line amperes. Table 8-01.1 of Figure 8-01.11 shows the resistance of #8 AWG (10 mm<sup>2</sup>) wire in ohms/1000 ft = 0.78 (ohms/1000 m = 2.2).<br />
<br />
Therefore:<br />
<br />
ENGLISH<br />
<br />
2 wires x 1200 ft x 1.05 x 5 lamps x 0.71 x 0.78 ohms/1000 ft = 6.98 volt drop to 1st lamp<br />
<br />
2 wires x 500 ft x 1.05 x 4 lamps x 0.71 x 0.78 ohms/1000 ft = 2.33 volt drop to 2nd lamp<br />
<br />
2 wires x 2000 ft x 1.05 x 3 lamps x 0.71 x 0.78 ohms/1000 ft = 6.98 volt drop to 3rd lamp<br />
<br />
2 wires x 600 ft x 1.05 x 2 lamps x 0.71 x 0.78 ohms/1000 ft = 1.40 volt drop to 4th lamp<br />
<br />
2 wires x 300 ft x 1.05 x 1 lamp x 0.71 x 0.78 ohms/1000 ft = 0.35 volt drop to 5th lamp<br />
<br />
Total Drop = 18.03 volts and 18.03 volts/(480 volts x .95) = 3.96%<br />
<br />
METRIC<br />
<br />
2 wires x 350 m x 1.05 x 5 lamps x 0.71 x 2.2 ohms/1000 m = 5.74 volt drop to 1st lamp<br />
<br />
2 wires x 150 m x 1.05 x 4 lamps x 0.71 x 2.2 ohms/1000 m = 1.97 volt drop to 2nd lamp<br />
<br />
2 wires x 600 m x 1.05 x 3 lamps x 0.71 x 2.2 ohms/1000 m = 5.90 volt drop to 3rd lamp<br />
<br />
2 wires x 200 m x 1.05 x 2 lamps x 0.71 x 2.2 ohms/1000 m = 1.31 volt drop to 4th lamp<br />
<br />
2 wires x 100 m x 1.05 x 1 lamp x 0.71 x 2.2 ohms/1000 m = 0.33 volt drop to 5th lamp<br />
<br />
Total Drop = 15.25 volts and 15.25 volts/(480 volts x .95) = 3.34%<br />
<br />
Circuit loading due to line losses is also to be calculated for the purpose of sizing circuit breakers. The formula for power, P = I x V is used. Total current on each segment and the voltage drop as calculated above is used:<br />
<br />
ENGLISH<br />
<br />
5 lamps x 0.71 amps x 6.98 volts = 25 watts consumed to the 1st lamp<br />
<br />
4 lamps x 0.71 amps x 2.33 volts = 7 watts consumed to the 2nd lamp<br />
<br />
3 lamps x 0.71 amps x 6.98 volts = 15 watts consumed to the 3rd lamp<br />
<br />
2 lamps x 0.71 amps x 1.40 volts = 2 watts consumed to the 4th lamp<br />
<br />
1 lamp x 0.71 amps x 0.35 volts = 0 watts consumed to the 5th lamp<br />
<br />
Total line loss load = 49 watts.<br />
<br />
METRIC<br />
<br />
5 lamps x 0.71 amps x 5.74 volts = 21 watts consumed to the 1st lamp<br />
<br />
4 lamps x 0.71 amps x 1.97 volts = 6 watts consumed to the 2nd lamp<br />
<br />
3 lamps x 0.71 amps x 5.90 volts = 13 watts consumed to the 3rd lamp<br />
<br />
2 lamps x 0.71 amps x 1.31 volts = 2 watts consumed to the 4th lamp.<br />
<br />
1 lamp x 0.71 amps x 0.33 volts = 0 watts consumed to the 5th lamp<br />
<br />
Total line loss load = 42 watts.<br />
<br />
==901.12.2 Circuit Breakers==<br />
<br />
Circuit breakers are protective devices for over-current conditions. When the current passing through the circuit breaker coils exceeds a predetermined amount, the magnetic field developed is sufficiently large in magnetomotive force to trip the contacts and open the faulty circuit. The amount of current required to operate the trip mechanism is referred to as the "trip rating". Proper protection of the circuit requires a breaker with the correct "tripping" current value. This value, "trip rating", can readily be computed by totaling the number of luminaires for each circuit breaker and thereby obtaining the total current being used in the circuit.<br />
<br />
To prevent unnecessary tripping of the breaker during surges and in-rush currents, the total current is usually multiplied by a factor of 1.3. Using the previous example: 5 each - 250-watt luminaires require a normal operating current of 5 x (0.71 ampere) = 3.67 amperes.<br />
<br />
The line loss load in amperes is added as follows:<br />
<br />
42 watts/(480 volts x 0.95) + 3.6 amps = 3.7 amps<br />
<br />
Then: Trip rating = 3.7 amps x (1.3) = 4.8 amps.<br />
<br />
Conventional circuit breakers for lighting systems are used in the following trip ratings: 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 50, 70, 90 and 100 amperes. For the above example, a 15-amp breaker would be used.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:901 Lighting]]</div>Smithk